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Relevance to Autism

Defects in UPF3B are the cause of a syndromic form of mental retardation, mental retardation syndromic X-linked type 14 (MRXS14) [MIM:300676]. A subset of individuals with MRXS14 are also either diagnosed with autism or are found to exhibit autistic features (Tarpey et al., 2007; Laumonnier et al., 2010; Addington et al., 2011; Lynch et al., 2012).

Molecular Function

This gene encodes a protein that is part of a post-splicing multiprotein complex involved in both mRNA nuclear export and mRNA surveillance. The encoded protein is one of two functional homologs to yeast Upf3p. mRNA surveillance detects exported mRNAs with truncated open reading frames and initiates nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). When translation ends upstream from the last exon-exon junction, this triggers NMD to degrade mRNAs containing premature stop codons. This protein binds to the mRNA and remains bound after nuclear export, acting as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein. It forms with Y14 a complex that binds specifically 20 nt upstream of exon-exon junctions.

External Links

        

References

Type
Title
Type of Disorder
Associated Disorders
Author, Year
Primary
Mutations in UPF3B, a member of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay complex, cause syndromic and nonsyndromic mental retardation.
X-linked syndromic mental retardation-14 (MRXS14)
Autistic features
Support
Gene Mutation Analysis in 253 Chinese Children with Unexplained Epilepsy and Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities.
DD, ID, epilepsy/seizures
Support
Large-scale targeted sequencing identifies risk genes for neurodevelopmental disorders
ASD, DD
Support
The contribution of de novo coding mutations to autism spectrum disorder
ASD
Support
A synonymous UPF3B variant causing a speech disorder implicates NMD as a regulator of neurodevelopmental disorder gene networks
ASD, DD
Support
Exome sequencing identifies UPF3B as the causative gene for a Chinese non-syndrome mental retardation pedigree.
ID
Support
Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients with Suggestive X-Linked Intellectual Disability.
ID
Support
A nonconservative amino acid change in the UPF3B gene in a patient with schizophrenia.
SCZ
Support
Molecular and Clinical Characterization of a Novel Nonsense Variant in Exon 1 of the UPF3B Gene Found in a Large Spanish Basque Family (MRX82).
ID
ASD
Support
The genetic landscape of autism spectrum disorder in the Middle Eastern population
ASD
Support
Using medical exome sequencing to identify the causes of neurodevelopmental disorders: experience of two clinical units and 216 patients.
ID
Macrocephaly, hypotonia, absent speech
Support
Expanding the phenotype of UPF3B-related disorder: Case reports and literature review
DD, ID
Autistic features, stereotypy, epilepsy/seizures
Support
Whole genome sequencing resource identifies 18 new candidate genes for autism spectrum disorder
ASD
Support
Exome Sequencing in 200 Intellectual Disability/Autistic Patients: New Candidates and Atypical Presentations
ASD, ID
DD
Recent Recommendation
The UPF3B gene, implicated in intellectual disability, autism, ADHD and childhood onset schizophrenia regulates neural progenitor cell behaviour an...
Recent Recommendation
Broadening the phenotype associated with mutations in UPF3B: two further cases with renal dysplasia and variable developmental delay.
DD, ID
ASD or autistic features
Recent Recommendation
A novel frameshift mutation in UPF3B identified in brothers affected with childhood onset schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders.
ASD, ADHD
SCZ
Recent Recommendation
Mutations of the UPF3B gene, which encodes a protein widely expressed in neurons, are associated with nonspecific mental retardation with or withou...
X-linked syndromic mental retardation-14 (MRXS14)
ID, ASD
Recent Recommendation
Full UPF3B function is critical for neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells.
Variant ID
Variant Type
Allele Change
Residue Change
Inheritance Pattern
Inheritance Association
Family Type
Author, Year
 GEN364R001 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.674_677del 
 p.Arg225LysfsTer22 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Multiplex 
 GEN364R002 
 stop_gained 
 c.1288C>T 
 p.Arg430Ter 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Multi-generational 
 GEN364R003 
 missense_variant 
 c.478T>G 
 p.Tyr160Asp 
 Familial 
 Unknown (likely maternal) 
 Multi-generational 
 GEN364R004 
 stop_gained 
 c.1081C>T 
 p.Arg361Ter 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Multi-generational 
 GEN364R005 
 missense_variant 
 c.1136G>A 
 p.Arg379His 
 Unknown (likely maternal) 
  
 Multiplex 
 GEN364R006 
 missense_variant 
 c.1103G>A 
 p.Arg368Gln 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN364R007 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.684_687del 
 p.Arg229LysfsTer18 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Multiplex 
 GEN364R008 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.697_698del 
 p.Arg233GlufsTer32 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Multiplex 
 GEN364R009 
 stop_gained 
 c.1288C>T 
 p.Arg430Ter 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Multi-generational 
 GEN364R010 
 missense_variant 
 c.764G>A 
 p.Arg255Lys 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN364R011 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.177dup 
 p.Pro60SerfsTer17 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN364R012 
 missense_variant 
 c.883T>A 
 p.Leu295Met 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN364R013 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.1125_1128del 
 p.Gln376ArgfsTer17 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN364R014 
 splice_site_variant 
 c.807+431G>A 
  
 Familial 
 Maternal 
  
 GEN364R015 
 splice_site_variant 
 c.807+431G>A 
  
 Familial 
 Maternal 
  
 GEN364R016 
 stop_gained 
 c.118C>T 
 p.Gln40Ter 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Multi-generational 
 GEN364R017 
 splice_site_variant 
 c.371-1G>C 
  
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Unknown 
 GEN364R018 
 missense_variant 
 c.1118G>A 
 p.Arg373His 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Unknown 
 GEN364R019 
 synonymous_variant 
 c.624G>A 
 p.Gln208%3D 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN364R020 
 stop_gained 
 c.1060C>T 
 p.Arg354Ter 
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN364R021 
 missense_variant 
 c.1135C>T 
 p.Arg379Cys 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Unknown 
 GEN364R022 
 stop_gained 
 c.1288C>T 
 p.Arg430Ter 
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN364R023 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.1266_1269del 
 p.Glu423LysfsTer8 
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN364R024 
 missense_variant 
 c.1078C>T 
 p.Arg360Cys 
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN364R025 
 missense_variant 
 c.1117C>T 
 p.Arg373Cys 
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN364R026 
 missense_variant 
 c.1033C>T 
 p.Arg345Cys 
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN364R027 
 missense_variant 
 c.1072C>T 
 p.Arg358Cys 
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN364R028 
 stop_gained 
 c.1288C>T 
 p.Arg430Ter 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
  
 GEN364R029 
 stop_gained 
 c.619A>T 
 p.Lys207Ter 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN364R030 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.1285_1286del 
 p.Asp429SerfsTer27 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN364R031 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.674_677del 
 p.Arg225LysfsTer22 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN364R032 
 missense_variant 
  
 p.Phe82Leu 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Unknown 
Chromosome
CNV Locus
CNV Type
# of studies
Animal Model
X
Deletion
 1
 
X
Duplication
 1
 
X
Deletion-Duplication
 22
 
X
Deletion
 2
 
X
Duplication
 1
 
X
Duplication
 1
 
X
Deletion
 1
 
X
Deletion
 2
 
X
Deletion-Duplication
 13
 
X
Deletion
 5
 

Model Summary

Upf3b-null homozygous mice exhibit deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) and fear-conditioned learning. Upf3b-null mice also display defects in dendritic spine maturation of cortical pyramidal neurons.

References

Type
Title
Author, Year
Primary
A Upf3b-mutant mouse model with behavioral and neurogenesis defects.
Model Type: Genetic
Model Genotype: Homozygous
Mutation: ESC clone harboring gene trap cassette insertion in intron 1 was used to inject into donor blastocysts to generate chimeric Upf3b-mutant mice. Global Upf3b-mutant mice were obtained following breeding for germline transmission.
Allele Type: Knockout
Strain of Origin: C57BL/6
Genetic Background: C57BL/6
ES Cell Line:
Mutant ES Cell Line: C57BL/6
Model Source:
Category
Entity
Quantity
Experimental Paradigm
Age at Testing
Sleep pattern1
Abnormal
 Electroencephalogram (eeg)
 8-11 weeks
Clasping reflex1
Abnormal
 Tail suspension test
 8-11 weeks
Dendritic architecture: spine morphology1
Abnormal
 Golgi-cox staining
 8-11 weeks
Dendritic architecture: spine density1
Decreased
 Golgi-cox staining
 8-11 weeks
Startle response: acoustic stimulus1
Decreased
 Startle response test
 8-11 weeks
Sensorimotor gating1
Decreased
 Prepulse inhibition
 8-11 weeks
Cued or contextual fear conditioning: memory of cue1
Decreased
 Fear conditioning test
 8-11 weeks
Cued or contextual fear conditioning: memory of context1
Decreased
 Fear conditioning test
 8-11 weeks
Targeted expression1
Decreased
 Western blot
 8-11 weeks
Targeted expression1
Decreased
 Immunofluorescence staining
 8-11 weeks
Gene expression1
Abnormal
 Rna sequencing
 8-11 weeks
Targeted expression1
Decreased
 Quantitative pcr (qrt-pcr)
 8-11 weeks
Anxiety1
 No change
 Light-dark exploration test
 8-11 weeks
Spatial reference memory1
 No change
 Y-maze test
 8-11 weeks
Spatial working memory1
 No change
 Barnes maze test
 8-11 weeks
General locomotor activity: ambulatory activity1
 No change
 Three-chamber social approach test
 8-11 weeks
Hearing1
 No change
 Auditory brainstem response test
 8-11 weeks
Vision1
 No change
 Ophthalmological evaluation
 8-11 weeks
 Not Reported: Communications, Developmental profile, Immune response, Maternal behavior, Neurophysiology, Physiological parameters, Repetitive behavior, Seizure, Social behavior


Interactor Symbol Interactor Name Interactor Organism Entrez ID Uniprot ID Interaction Type Evidence Reference
ALYREF Aly/REF export factor 10189 E9PB61 IP/WB
Lejeune F , et al. 2002
CAND1 cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 1 55832 Q86VP6 IP; MS
Bennett EJ , et al. 2010
CASC3 cancer susceptibility candidate 3 22794 O15234 X-ray crystallography
Buchwald G , et al. 2010
CCDC60 Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 60 160777 Q8IWA6 IP; LC-MS/MS
Huttlin EL , et al. 2015
CHD8 chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8 57680 Q9HCK8 ChIP-chip
Subtil-Rodrguez A , et al. 2013
COPS5 COP9 constitutive photomorphogenic homolog subunit 5 (Arabidopsis) 10987 Q92905 IP; MS
Bennett EJ , et al. 2010
CUL5 cullin 5 8065 Q93034 IP; MS
Bennett EJ , et al. 2010
DCP2 N/A 694225 G7MVJ6 IP/WB
Lejeune F , et al. 2003
DEFA5 Defensin-5 1670 Q01523 IP; LC-MS/MS
Huttlin EL , et al. 2015
EIF4A3 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 9775 P38919 IP/WB
Sato H and Maquat LE 2009
EIF6 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 3692 P56537 Y2H
Stelzl U , et al. 2005
EXOSC10 N/A 714153 F6S2L0 IP/WB
Lejeune F , et al. 2003
EXOSC2 N/A 715960 F7EH95 IP/WB
Lejeune F , et al. 2003
EXOSC4 N/A 700012 F7DHI6 IP/WB
Lejeune F , et al. 2003
FADS3 SLC24A2 3995 Q9Y5Q0 IP; LC-MS/MS
Huttlin EL , et al. 2015
FMR1 fragile X mental retardation 1 2332 G8JLE9 PAR-CLIP
Ascano M Jr , et al. 2012
HBB hemoglobin, beta 3043 D9YZU5 IP; RNase protection assay
Lykke-Andersen J , et al. 2001
KIAA0101 KIAA0101 9768 A6NNU5 IP; MS
Emanuele MJ , et al. 2011
MAGOHB mago-nashi homolog B (Drosophila) 55110 Q96A72 X-ray crystallography
Buchwald G , et al. 2010
MCRS1 microspherule protein 1 10445 Q96EZ8 Y2H
Lehner B and Sanderson CM 2004
NCBP1 N/A 718256 N/A IP/WB
Lejeune F , et al. 2002
NXF1 N/A 718420 N/A IP/WB
Lejeune F , et al. 2002
PARN poly(A)-specific ribonuclease 5073 B3KN69 IP/WB
Lejeune F , et al. 2003
Rbfox1 RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 1 268859 Q9JJ43 HITS-CLIP
Weyn-Vanhentenryck SM , et al. 2014
RBM8A RNA binding motif protein 8A 9939 Q9Y5S9 IP/WB
Gehring NH , et al. 2003
RLIM ring finger protein, LIM domain interacting 51132 Q9NVW2 IP; LC-MS/MS
Huttlin EL , et al. 2015
RNPS1 RNA binding protein S1, serine-rich domain 10921 D3DU92 IP/WB
Lejeune F , et al. 2002
SMG1 smg-1 homolog, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (C. elegans) 23049 Q96Q15 IP/WB
Kashima I , et al. 2006
SMG6 smg-6 homolog, nonsense mediated mRNA decay factor (C. elegans) 23293 B7Z874 IP/WB
Chiu SY , et al. 2003
SRRM1 serine/arginine repetitive matrix 1 10250 Q8IYB3 IP/WB
Lejeune F , et al. 2002
TTC19 tetratricopeptide repeat domain 19 54902 Q6DKK2 Y2H
Lehner B and Sanderson CM 2004
UBC ubiquitin C 7316 P63279 LC-MS/MS
Danielsen JM , et al. 2010
UPF1 UPF1 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog (yeast) 5976 Q92900 IP/WB
Lykke-Andersen J , et al. 2001
UPF2 UPF2 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog (yeast) 26019 Q9HAU5 IP/WB
Lykke-Andersen J , et al. 2001
UPF3A UPF3 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog A (yeast) 65110 Q9H1J1 IP/WB
Lejeune F , et al. 2003
USP21 ubiquitin specific peptidase 21 27005 Q9UK80 IP; MS; COMPASS
Sowa ME , et al. 2009
XRN1 5'-3' exoribonuclease 1 714497 F7APA3 IP/WB
Lejeune F , et al. 2003
XRN2 N/A 700934 N/A IP/WB
Lejeune F , et al. 2003
ZNF280A Zinc finger protein 280A 129025 P59817 IP; LC-MS/MS
Huttlin EL , et al. 2015

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