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Relevance to Autism

Jacobsen syndrome is a contiguous gene disorder caused by the deletion of the end of the long arm of chromosome 11 characterized by intellectual disability and dysmorphic features. 8 of 17 Jacobsen syndrome patients (47%) described in Akshoomoff et al., 2015 exhibited behavioral characteristics consistent with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, leading to the identification of an autism "critical region" in distal 11q deletions containing four genes, including ARHGAP32, in this report. Mice that are deficient for PX-RICS, a longer splicing isoform of ARHGAP32, exhibit ASD-like social behaviors and ASD-related comorbidities, show reduced surface levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR), and display impaired GABAAR-mediated synaptic transmission (Nakamura et al., 2016).

Molecular Function

RICS, the protein encoded by the ARHGAP32 gene, is a neuron-associated GTPase-activating protein that may regulate dendritic spine morphology and strength by modulating Rho GTPase.

External Links

        

References

Type
Title
Type of Disorder
Associated Disorders
Author, Year
Primary
Evidence for autism spectrum disorder in Jacobsen syndrome: identification of a candidate gene in distal 11q.
Jacobsen syndrome
ASD/autistic features
Support
Mutational Landscape of Autism Spectrum Disorder Brain Tissue
ASD
Support
Inherited and multiple de novo mutations in autism/developmental delay risk genes suggest a multifactorial model.
ASD
Support
De Novo Sequence and Copy Number Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder and Implicate Cell Polarity in Pathogenesis.
TS
Support
The Autism-Related Protein PX-RICS Mediates GABAergic Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampal Neurons and Emotional Learning in Mice.
Support
De novo genic mutations among a Chinese autism spectrum disorder cohort.
ASD
Support
ASD
DD, ID
Support
Synaptic, transcriptional and chromatin genes disrupted in autism.
ASD
Support
Integrating de novo and inherited variants in 42
ASD
Recent Recommendation
PX-RICS-deficient mice mimic autism spectrum disorder in Jacobsen syndrome through impaired GABAA receptor trafficking.
Variant ID
Variant Type
Allele Change
Residue Change
Inheritance Pattern
Inheritance Association
Family Type
Author, Year
 GEN816R001 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R002 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R003 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R004 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R005 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R006 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R007 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R008 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R009 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R010 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R011 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R012 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R013 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R014 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R015 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R016 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R017 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R018 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN816R019 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R020 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN816R021 
 missense_variant 
 c.5284C>T 
 p.Arg1762Trp 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN816R022 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.4713del 
 p.Glu1572LysfsTer22 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN816R023 
 stop_gained 
 c.714G>A 
 p.Trp238Ter 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN816R024 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.5804dup 
 p.Leu1935PhefsTer20 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN816R025 
 missense_variant 
 c.5625C>G 
 p.Ser1875Arg 
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN816R026 
 synonymous_variant 
 c.4869T>C 
 p.Tyr1623%3D 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN816R027 
 missense_variant 
 c.1219C>T 
 p.Arg407Cys 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN816R028 
 missense_variant 
 c.4682T>G 
 p.Leu1561Trp 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN816R029 
 missense_variant 
 c.5210A>G 
 p.Asp1737Gly 
 Unknown 
  
 Simplex 
Chromosome
CNV Locus
CNV Type
# of studies
Animal Model
11
Duplication
 1
 
11
Duplication
 1
 
11
Deletion
 10
 
11
Duplication
 1
 
11
Deletion-Duplication
 6
 
11
Deletion
 2
 
11
Deletion
 10
 
11
Deletion-Duplication
 11
 
11
Deletion
 9
 

Model Summary

Arhgap32 null mice have impaired social behavior displaying reduced social memory and inclination towards reciprocal social interaction, along with reduced social dominance. They show increased repetitive behavior with increase in self-grooming and repetitive digging. Arhgap32 null pups also make fewer ultrasonic calls upon isolation from the mother. Additionally, motor coordination and flexibility in learning new goals are also reduced in the null mice. In neuronal cultures Arhgap32 null neurons have reduced expression of GABAa receptors on the surface.

References

Type
Title
Author, Year
Primary
PX-RICS-deficient mice mimic autism spectrum disorder in Jacobsen syndrome through impaired GABAA receptor trafficking.
Model Type: Genetic
Model Genotype: Homozygous
Mutation: The targeting vector replaced the start codon of Arhgap32 gene with a lacZ-neo cassette using homologous recombination. After germline transmission the knockout mice were bred to homozygosity and maintained or backcrossed to the C57BL/6N background for 10 generations.
Allele Type: Targeted(knockout)
Strain of Origin:
Genetic Background: C57BL/6N
ES Cell Line: TT2
Mutant ES Cell Line:
Model Source: Nasu- Nishimara et al Genes Cells 2006
Category
Entity
Quantity
Experimental Paradigm
Age at Testing
Motor coordination and balance1
Decreased
 Accelerating rotarod test
 8-10 weeks
Clasping reflex1
Increased
 Tail suspension test
 P21
Miniature post synaptic current amplitude: inhibitory1
Decreased
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 6-8 weeks
Self grooming: perseveration1
Increased
 Grooming behavior assessments
 8-10 weeks
Repetitive digging1
Increased
 Marble-burying test
 8-10 weeks
Seizures1
Increased
 Observation of chemically induced seizures
 8-10 weeks
Social memory1
Decreased
 Three-chamber social approach test
 8-10 weeks
Social interaction1
Decreased
 Reciprocal social interaction test
 8-10 weeks
Social dominance1
Decreased
 Tube test of social dominance
 8-10 weeks
Social scent marking or recognition1
Decreased
 Olfactory habituation-dishabituation test
 8-10 weeks
Ultrasonic vocalization: isolation induced1
Decreased
 Monitoring ultrasonic vocalizations
 P7, p10, p14, p21
Cognitive flexibility1
Decreased
 Water t-maze test
 8-10 weeks
Olfactory learning and memory1
 No change
 Olfactory habituation-dishabituation test
 8-10 weeks
Spatial learning1
 No change
 Water t-maze test
 8-10 weeks
Miniature post synaptic current frequency: inhibitory1
 No change
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 6-8 weeks
Social approach1
 No change
 Three-chamber social approach test
 8-10 weeks
 Not Reported: Circadian sleep/wake cycle, Developmental profile, Emotion, Immune response, Maternal behavior, Molecular profile, Neuroanatomy / ultrastructure / cytoarchitecture, Physiological parameters, Sensory


Interactor Symbol Interactor Name Interactor Organism Entrez ID Uniprot ID Interaction Type Evidence Reference
ASB3 ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 3 51130 Q9Y575 IP; LC-MS/MS
Huttlin EL , et al. 2015
Dctn1 dynactin 1 13191 O08788 IP/WB; Co-localization; Rate-zonal centrifugation
Nakamura T , et al. 2016
Gabarap gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor associated protein 56486 Q9DCD6 IP/WB; Co-localization; Rate-zonal centrifugation
Nakamura T , et al. 2016
Gabra1 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 14394 P62812 IP/WB; Rate-zonal centrifugation
Nakamura T , et al. 2016
Gabrg2 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 14406 P22723 IP/WB; Co-localization; Rate-zonal centrifugation
Nakamura T , et al. 2016
GRIN2B glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2B 2904 Q13224 Y2H; IP/WB; GST
Nakazawa T , et al. 2003
LZTS2 leucine zipper, putative tumor suppressor 2 84445 Q9BRK4 Y2H; bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay
Rolland T , et al. 2014
Ywhaq tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, theta polypeptide 22630 P68254 IP/WB; Co-localization; Rate-zonal centrifugation
Nakamura T , et al. 2016
Ywhaz tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide 22631 P63101 IP/WB; Co-localization; Rate-zonal centrifugation
Nakamura T , et al. 2016

GABRA1
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