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Relevance to Autism

Deletion of Slc7a5 from the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier in mice resulted in an atypical amino acid profile in the brain, abnormal mRNA translation, reduced mIPSC frequency in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and cerebellar Purkinje cells, decreased exploratory behavior and locomotion, and abnormalities in social interaction (Tarlungeanu et al., 2016). In the same report, homozygous loss-of-function missense variants in the SLC7A5 gene were identified in two consanguineous families with affected individuals displaying ASD, delays in gross motor, fine motor, and social milestones, delayed or absent language development, and microcephaly or seizures.

Molecular Function

The SLC7A5 gene encodes for a sodium-independent, high-affinity transport of large neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and tryptophan.

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References

Type
Title
Type of Disorder
Associated Disorders
Author, Year
Primary
Impaired Amino Acid Transport at the Blood Brain Barrier Is a Cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
ASD
Support
Slc7a5 regulates Kv1.2 channels and modifies functional outcomes of epilepsy-linked channel mutations.
Support
Integrating de novo and inherited variants in 42
ASD
Support
The amino acid transporter Slc7a5 regulates the mTOR pathway and is required for granule cell development
Support
Abnormalities in the genes that encode Large Amino Acid Transporters increase the risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
ASD
Recent Recommendation
ASD
Variant ID
Variant Type
Allele Change
Residue Change
Inheritance Pattern
Inheritance Association
Family Type
Author, Year
 GEN860R001a 
 missense_variant 
 c.737C>T 
 p.Ala246Val 
 Familial 
 Both parents 
 Extended multiplex 
 GEN860R002a 
 missense_variant 
 c.1124C>T 
 p.Pro375Leu 
 Familial 
 Both parents 
 Multiplex 
 GEN860R003a 
 missense_variant 
 c.690C>G 
 p.Asn230Lys 
  
 Both parents 
  
 GEN860R004 
 missense_variant 
 c.690C>G 
 p.Asn230Lys 
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN860R005 
 missense_variant 
 c.690C>G 
 p.Asn230Lys 
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN860R006 
 missense_variant 
 c.690C>G 
 p.Asn230Lys 
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN860R007 
 missense_variant 
 c.1123C>A 
 p.Pro375Thr 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN860R008 
 intron_variant 
 c.816-18C>T 
  
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN860R009 
 intron_variant 
 c.1290+44G>A 
  
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN860R010 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.1511_1523del 
 p.Pro504ArgfsTer112 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
Chromosome
CNV Locus
CNV Type
# of studies
Animal Model
16
Duplication
 1
 
16
Duplication
 2
 
16
Duplication
 6
 
16
Duplication
 1
 
16
Duplication
 1
 
16
Deletion
 2
 
16
Deletion-Duplication
 3
 
16
Deletion-Duplication
 10
 
16
Deletion
 12
 

Model Summary

Slc7a5 endothelial cell specific conditional knockout mice exhibit abnormal brain amino acid profile, abnormal mRNA translation, hunched posture, hind limb clasping, poor motor coordination, and abnormal gait. The mice also display deficits in social related behaviors, such as rearing behavior, social approach, and reciprocal social interaction. Decreased frequency of mIPSCs and increased amplitude of mEPSCs are observed in the pyramidal neurons in somatosensory cortex or cerebellar Purkinje cells. Intracerebroventricular administration of BCAA partially rescues the motor phenotypes.

References

Type
Title
Author, Year
Primary
Impaired Amino Acid Transport at the Blood Brain Barrier Is a Cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Model Type: Genetic
Model Genotype: Homozygous
Mutation: Conditional deletion of exon 1 of the Slc7a5 gene using Tie2-Cre, in endothelial cells (including those in the brain)
Allele Type: Conditional loss-of-function
Strain of Origin: Not specified
Genetic Background: C57BL/6J
ES Cell Line:
Mutant ES Cell Line: Not specified
Model Source: Not specified
Category
Entity
Quantity
Experimental Paradigm
Age at Testing
Motor coordination and balance1
Decreased
 Balance beam test
 P55-p65
Clasping reflex1
Increased
 Tail suspension test
 NA
Hunched posture1
Increased
 General observations
 NA
General locomotor activity1
Decreased
 Open field test
 P55-p65
Gait1
Decreased
 Gait
 P55-p65
Miniature post synaptic current frequency: inhibitory1
Decreased
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 P21
Miniature post synaptic current amplitude: excitatory1
Increased
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 P21
Presynaptic function: vesicle recycling1
Decreased
 Immunohistochemistry
 Adult
Miniature post synaptic current amplitude: excitatory1
Increased
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 P21
Miniature post synaptic current frequency: inhibitory1
Decreased
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 P21
Rearing behavior1
Decreased
 Open field test
 P55-p65
Juvenile play1
Decreased
 Reciprocal social interaction test
 P25-p35
Social approach1
Decreased
 Three-chamber social approach test
 P55-p65
Ultrasonic vocalization: isolation induced1
Increased
 Monitoring ultrasonic vocalizations
 P2-p10
Regulation of translation1
Increased
 Polysome profiling
 Adult
Gene expression1
Increased
 Rna sequencing
 Adult
Targeted expression1
Decreased
 Immunostaining
 E14.5-p40
Amino acid levels1
Decreased
 High-performance liquid chromatography (hplc)
 P2-p40
Signaling: amino acid response pathway1
Increased
 Rna sequencing
 Adult
Amino acid levels1
Increased
 High-performance liquid chromatography (hplc)
 P2-p40
Amino acid levels1
 No change
 High-performance liquid chromatography (hplc)
 E14.5, p2-p40
Signaling: mtor1
 No change
 Western blot
 Adult
Cortical lamination1
 No change
 Immunohistochemistry
 Adult
Neuronal number: interneurons1
 No change
 Immunohistochemistry
 Adult
Somatosensory cortical map architecture1
 No change
 Histology
 Adult
Synapse density: inhibitory1
 No change
 Immunostaining
 Adult
Miniature post synaptic current amplitude: inhibitory1
 No change
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 P21
Miniature post synaptic current amplitude: inhibitory1
 No change
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 P21
Miniature post synaptic current frequency: excitatory1
 No change
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 P21
Miniature post synaptic current frequency: excitatory1
 No change
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 P21
Neurotransmitter release1
 No change
 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms)
 P2-p40
Self grooming: perseveration1
 No change
 General observations
 P55-p65
 Not Reported: Circadian sleep/wake cycle, Developmental profile, Emotion, Immune response, Learning & memory, Maternal behavior, Physiological parameters, Seizure, Sensory

 

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