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Relevance to Autism

De novo frameshift variants in this gene have been identified in unrelated ASD cases from the Simons Simplex Collection (Iossifov et al., 2012; Dong et al., 2014).

Molecular Function

Rab effector involved in exocytosis. May act as scaffold protein that regulates neurotransmitter release at the active zone. Essential for maintaining normal probability of neurotransmitter release and for regulating release during short-term synaptic plasticity. Mutations in this gene have suggested to play a role in cognition and have been identified as the cause of cone-rod dystrophy type 7 (CORD7) [MIM:603649].

External Links

        

References

Type
Title
Type of Disorder
Associated Disorders
Author, Year
Primary
De novo insertions and deletions of predominantly paternal origin are associated with autism spectrum disorder.
ASD
Positive Association
Common schizophrenia alleles are enriched in mutation-intolerant genes and in regions under strong background selection.
SCZ
Support
Integrating de novo and inherited variants in 42
ASD
Support
Rare genetic susceptibility variants assessment in autism spectrum disorder: detection rate and practical use.
ASD
Support
Phenotype-to-genotype approach reveals head-circumference-associated genes in an autism spectrum disorder cohort.
ASD
Macrocephaly
Support
Inherited and multiple de novo mutations in autism/developmental delay risk genes suggest a multifactorial model.
ASD
Support
De novo genic mutations among a Chinese autism spectrum disorder cohort.
ASD
Support
Reanalysis of Trio Whole-Genome Sequencing Data Doubles the Yield in Autism Spectrum Disorder: De Novo Variants Present in Half
ASD
ID
Support
De novo gene disruptions in children on the autistic spectrum.
ASD
Recent Recommendation
Postsynaptic RIM1 modulates synaptic function by facilitating membrane delivery of recycling NMDARs in hippocampal neurons.
Variant ID
Variant Type
Allele Change
Residue Change
Inheritance Pattern
Inheritance Association
Family Type
Author, Year
 GEN637R001 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.175dup 
 p.Arg59LysfsTer16 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN637R002 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.586dup 
 p.Thr196AsnfsTer8 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN637R003 
 stop_gained 
 c.3264C>A 
 p.Cys1088Ter 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN637R004 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.3139del 
 p.Thr1047HisfsTer31 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
  
 GEN637R005 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.3139del 
 p.Thr1047HisfsTer31 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
  
 GEN637R006 
 missense_variant 
 c.4045G>T 
 p.Ala1349Ser 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
  
 GEN637R007 
 stop_gained 
 c.981C>G 
 p.Tyr327Ter 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
  
 GEN637R008 
 stop_gained 
 c.3430C>T 
 p.Arg1144Ter 
 Familial 
 Paternal 
  
 GEN637R009 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.3522_3523del 
 p.Gln1174HisfsTer2 
 Unknown 
 Not maternal 
  
 GEN637R010 
 missense_variant 
 c.2708G>A 
 p.Arg903Gln 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN637R011 
 missense_variant 
 c.3577A>G 
 p.Arg1193Gly 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN637R012 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.1536-963del 
  
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN637R013 
 splice_site_variant 
 c.100+1G>A 
 p.? 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN637R014 
 synonymous_variant 
 c.1980T>C 
 p.Asn660%3D 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN637R015 
 stop_gained 
 c.1625+8331C>T 
  
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Multiplex 
 GEN637R016 
 missense_variant 
 c.1715G>T 
 p.Trp572Leu 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
Chromosome
CNV Locus
CNV Type
# of studies
Animal Model
6
Deletion
 2
 
6
Duplication
 4
 
6
Deletion
 2
 
6
Deletion
 1
 
6
Deletion
 1
 
6
Deletion
 9
 
6
Deletion
 6
 

Model Summary

RIMS1 homozygous knockout mice exhibit a 50% reduction in probability of neurotransmitter release (Schoch S, et al, Nature, 2002). RIMS1 homozygous knockout mice show no change in coordination and anxiety-related behaviors but display severely impaired spatial learning and memory and fear conditioning, partially due to decrease in neurotransmitter release probability and a loss of presynaptic LTP together with presynaptic neuroanatomical abnormalities (Powell CM, et al., Neuron, 2004). RIMS1 mutant mice exhibit decreased prepulse inhibition, exaggerated increase in activity in response to psychotomimetic drugs, and deficits in social interaction with juvenile mice (Blundell J, et al., J. Neurosci, 2010).

References

Type
Title
Author, Year
Primary
RIM1alpha forms a protein scaffold for regulating neurotransmitter release at the active zone.
Additional
The presynaptic active zone protein RIM1alpha is critical for normal learning and memory.
Additional
RIM1alpha and interacting proteins involved in presynaptic plasticity mediate prepulse inhibition and additional behaviors linked to schizophrenia.
Additional
Postsynaptic RIM1 modulates synaptic function by facilitating membrane delivery of recycling NMDARs in hippocampal neurons.
Model Type: Genetic
Model Genotype: Homozygous
Mutation: Mice lacking expression of RIM1-alpha, the full-length transcript of the RIM1 gene and most abundant RIM isoform. The first exon of RIM1-alpha was replaced with a neomycin resistance gene (pTK-Neo3A). Deletion of the first exon abolishes expression because it includes the initiator methionine and 55 conserved N-terminal residues of RIM1-alpha.
Allele Type: Knockout
Strain of Origin: Not reported
Genetic Background: SV129*C57/Bl6
ES Cell Line:
Mutant ES Cell Line: E14.1/29S6/SvEvTac
Model Source: Schoch et al, 2002 (PMID 11797009)
Category
Entity
Quantity
Experimental Paradigm
Age at Testing
Synaptic morphology: active zone1
Increased
 Electron microscopy
 Adult
Presynaptic function: paired-pulse depression (ppd)1
Increased
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 Adult
Neurotransmitter release1
Decreased
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 Adult
Synaptic plasticity1
Increased
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 Adult
Epsp-spike relationship1
Decreased
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 Adult
Presynaptic function: paired-pulse facilitation1
Decreased
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 Adult
Sensorimotor gating3
Decreased
 Prepulse inhibition
 4 12 months
Social interaction: with juveniles3
Decreased
 Reciprocal social interaction test
 4 12 months
Response to novelty3
Increased
 Novel cage test
 4 12 months
Response to novelty2
Increased
 Novel cage test
 3-6 months
Cued or contextual fear conditioning: memory of context2
Decreased
 Fear conditioning test
 3-6 months
Spatial working memory2
Decreased
 Morris water maze test
 3-6 months
Spatial reference memory2
Decreased
 Morris water maze test
 3-6 months
Cued or contextual fear conditioning: memory of cue2
Decreased
 Fear conditioning test
 3-6 months
Maternal nurturing1
Decreased
 General observations
 Adult
Targeted expression1
Decreased
 Western blot
 Adult
Protein expression level evidence1
Decreased
 Western blot
 Adult
Mortality/lethality1
 No change
 Survival analysis
 2 months
Mortality/lethality2
 No change
 Survival analysis
 Adult
Size/growth2
 No change
 General observations
 Not reported
Anxiety2
 No change
 Elevated plus maze test
 3-6 months
Anxiety2
 No change
 Light-dark exploration test
 3-6 months
Exploratory activity: habituation2
 No change
 Home cage behavior
 3-6 months
Exploratory activity: habituation3
 No change
 Home cage behavior
 4 12 months
Cued or contextual fear conditioning: memory of context: short-term memory2
 No change
 Fear conditioning test
 3-6 months
Spatial learning2
 No change
 Morris water maze test
 3-6 months
Protein expression level evidence1
 No change
 Western blot
 Adult
Motor coordination and balance2
 No change
 Accelerating rotarod test
 3-6 months
Swimming ability2
 No change
 Morris water maze test
 3-6 months
Brain morphology1
 No change
 Gross necroscopy
 Adult
Synapse density1
 No change
 Electron microscopy
 Adult
Synaptic morphology1
 No change
 Electron microscopy
 Adult
Miniature post synaptic current frequency: inhibitory1
 No change
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 Adult
Presynaptic function: paired-pulse facilitation1
 No change
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 Adult
Synaptic plasticity: hippocampal ltp1
 No change
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 Adult
Reproductive function1
 No change
 Genotypic ratio of progeny from heterozygous parents
 Adult
Pain or nociception2
 No change
 Fear conditioning test
 3-6 months
Startle response: acoustic stimulus3
 No change
 Prepulse inhibition
 4 12 months
 Not Reported: Circadian sleep/wake cycle, Communications, Developmental profile, Emotion, Immune response, Learning & memory, Maternal behavior, Molecular profile, Motor phenotype, Neuroanatomy / ultrastructure / cytoarchitecture, Neurophysiology, Physiological parameters, Repetitive behavior, Seizure, Sensory, Social behavior



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