PCDH19
Homo sapiens
Gene Name: protocadherin 19
Aliases: EFMR
Chromosome No: X
Chromosome Band: Xq22.1
Genetic Category: Syndromic-Rare single gene variant--Syndromic/rare single gene variant-Rare single gene variant/multigenic CNV-Functional
Associated Syndrome(s): Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-9 (EIEE9)
Aliases: EFMR
Chromosome No: X
Chromosome Band: Xq22.1
Genetic Category: Syndromic-Rare single gene variant--Syndromic/rare single gene variant-Rare single gene variant/multigenic CNV-Functional
Associated Syndrome(s): Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-9 (EIEE9)
Summary Statistics:
ASD Reports: 59
Recent Reports: 12
Annotated variants: 238
Associated CNVs: 12
Evidence score: 4
ASD Reports: 59
Recent Reports: 12
Annotated variants: 238
Associated CNVs: 12
Evidence score: 4
Associated Disorders: |
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Relevance to Autism
Rare mutations in the PCDH19 gene have been identified with autism and schizophrenia (Piton et al., 2011) as well as with epilepsy and mental retardation limited to females (EFMR) and epilepsy alone (several studies for each disease).
Molecular Function
A calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein that is primarily expressed in the brain
References
Type
Title
Type of Disorder
Associated Disorders
Author, Year
Primary
Systematic resequencing of X-chromosome synaptic genes in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.
ASD
SCZ
Support
The combination of whole-exome sequencing and copy number variation sequencing enables the diagnosis of rare neurological disorders.
Epilepsy/seizures
DD
Support
Targeted resequencing in epileptic encephalopathies identifies de novo mutations in CHD2 and SYNGAP1.
Epilepsy
ID, ASD, DD
Support
Behavioral and neuropsychological profile of a male patient with mosaic PCDH19 mutation
ASD, DD, ID, epilepsy/seizures
Support
The Epilepsy-Related Protein PCDH19 Regulates Tonic Inhibition, GABA A R Kinetics, and the Intrinsic Excitability of Hippocampal Neurons
Support
Diagnostic Targeted Resequencing in 349 Patients with Drug-Resistant Pediatric Epilepsies Identifies Causative Mutations in 30 Different Genes.
Epilepsy/seizures
Support
Genetic analysis using targeted exome sequencing of 53 Vietnamese children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies
DD, epilepsy/seizures
Support
Schizophrenia is a later-onset feature of PCDH19 Girls Clustering Epilepsy.
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-9 (EIEE9)
SCZ
Support
Clinical and genetic aspects of PCDH19-related epilepsy syndromes and the possible role of PCDH19 mutations in males with autism spectrum disorders.
Epilepsy
ID, ASD
Support
Epilepsy surgery in PCDH 19 related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: A case report
ASD, DD, epilepsy/seizures
Support
Next Generation Sequencing of 134 Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Regression
ASD
Developmental regression, epilepsy/seizures
Support
The Clinical Spectrum of Female Epilepsy Patients with PCDH19 Mutations in a Chinese Population.
Epilepsy/seizures
ID, autistic features
Support
Prevalence and phenotypic impact of rare potentially damaging variants in autism spectrum disorder
ASD
Support
Mosaicism and incomplete penetrance of PCDH19 mutations.
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-9 (EIEE9)
ASD
Support
Identification of SCN1A and PCDH19 mutations in Chinese children with Dravet syndrome.
Epilepsy
ASD, ID
Support
Perturbation of Cortical Excitability in a Conditional Model of PCDH19 Disorder
Support
A recurrent PJA1 variant in trigonocephaly and neurodevelopmental disorders
ASD, ID, epilepsy/seizures
Support
PCDH19-related epileptic encephalopathy in a male mosaic for a truncating variant.
Epilepsy/seizures
ADHD, OCD, ODD
Support
A complete Protocadherin-19 ectodomain model for evaluating epilepsy-causing mutations and potential protein interaction sites
Epilepsy/seizures
Support
PCDH19-related epilepsy in a male with Klinefelter syndrome: Additional evidence supporting PCDH19 cellular interference disease mechanism.
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-9 (EIEE9)
Support
Interpretation of clinical relevance of X-chromosome copy number variations identified in a large cohort of individuals with cognitive disorders an...
DD, ID
ASD, ADHD
Support
The epilepsy-associated protein PCDH19 undergoes NMDA receptor-dependent proteolytic cleavage and regulates the expression of immediate-early genes
Support
A novel PCDH19 missense mutation, c.812G>A (p.Gly271Asp), identified using whole-exome sequencing in a Chinese family with epilepsy female restricted mental retardation syndrome
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-9 (EIEE9)
Autistic features
Support
PCDH19-related epilepsy in two mosaic male patients.
Epilepsy/seizures
Support
Dissecting the Role of PCDH19 in Clustering Epilepsy by Exploiting Patient-Specific Models of Neurogenesis
Epilepsy/seizures
Support
Chinese cases of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy: a novel mutation in the PCDH19 gene was proved in a mosaic male- case report.
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-9 (EIEE9)
Support
Genetic and Phenotype Analysis of a Chinese Cohort of Infants and Children With Epilepsy
Epilepsy/seizures
Support
The Clinical and Genetic Features of Co-occurring Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Chinese Children.
ASD, epilepsy/seizures
Support
Gene Mutation Analysis in 253 Chinese Children with Unexplained Epilepsy and Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities.
DD, ID, epilepsy/seizures
Support
Genome sequencing of 320 Chinese children with epilepsy: a clinical and molecular study
DD, epilepsy/seizures
Support
PCDH19 regulation of neural progenitor cell differentiation suggests asynchrony of neurogenesis as a mechanism contributing to PCDH19 Girls Cluster...
Support
A rat model of a focal mosaic expression of PCDH19 replicates human brain developmental abnormalities and behaviours
ASD, epilepsy/seizures
Support
Multiplane Calcium Imaging Reveals Disrupted Development of Network Topology in Zebrafish pcdh19 Mutants.
Support
PCDH19-related female-limited epilepsy: further details regarding early clinical features and therapeutic efficacy.
Epilepsy
ID, ASD
Support
Expanding the genetic and clinical characteristics of Protocadherin 19 gene mutations
Epilepsy/seizures
Support
Integrated in silico and experimental assessment of disease relevance of PCDH19 missense variants
ID, epilepsy/seizures
ASD
Support
Male patients affected by mosaic PCDH19 mutations: five new cases.
Epilepsy/seizures
ID, ASD
Support
Mosaic and non-mosaic protocadherin 19 mutation leads to neuronal hyperexcitability in zebrafish
Epilepsy/seizures
Highly Cited
Sporadic infantile epileptic encephalopathy caused by mutations in PCDH19 resembles Dravet syndrome but mainly affects females.
Epilepsy/seizures, ID
Delayed or absent speech, autistic features
Highly Cited
X-linked protocadherin 19 mutations cause female-limited epilepsy and cognitive impairment.
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-9 (EIEE9)
ID, epilepsy
Recent Recommendation
Protocadherin 19 mutations in girls with infantile-onset epilepsy.
Epilepsy
Recent Recommendation
The female epilepsy protein PCDH19 is a new GABAAR-binding partner that regulates GABAergic transmission as well as migration and morphological mat...
Recent Recommendation
Epilepsy and mental retardation limited to females with PCDH19 mutations can present de novo or in single generation families.
Epilepsy
Recent Recommendation
Protocadherin 19 (PCDH19) interacts with paraspeckle protein NONO to co-regulate gene expression with estrogen receptor alpha (ER).
Recent Recommendation
Protocadherin-19 is essential for early steps in brain morphogenesis.
Recent Recommendation
Cognitive development in females with PCDH19 gene-related epilepsy.
Epilepsy/seizures, ID
Autistic features
Recent Recommendation
Focal seizures with affective symptoms are a major feature of PCDH19 gene-related epilepsy.
Epilepsy
ID, ASD
Recent Recommendation
Defining the electroclinical phenotype and outcome of PCDH19-related epilepsy: A multicenter study.
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-9 (EIEE9)
ASD
Recent Recommendation
A novel PCDH19 mutation inherited from an unaffected mother.
Epilepsy
MR
Recent Recommendation
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 271 PCDH19-variant individuals identifies psychiatric comorbidities, and association of seizure onset and ...
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-9 (EIEE9)
Recent Recommendation
Novel de novo PCDH19 mutations in three unrelated females with epilepsy female restricted mental retardation syndrome.
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-9 (EIEE9)
ID, epilepsy
Recent Recommendation
PCDH19-related epilepsy is associated with a broad neurodevelopmental spectrum.
ID, epilepsy/seizures
ASD or autistic features
Rare
Variant ID
Variant Type
Allele Change
Residue Change
Inheritance Pattern
Inheritance Association
Family Type
Author, Year
GEN190R001
missense_variant
c.1322T>A
p.Val441Glu
Familial
Paternal
Multi-generational
GEN190R002
stop_gained
c.253C>T
p.Gln85Ter
Familial
Paternal
Multi-generational
GEN190R003
stop_gained
c.2012C>G
p.Ser671Ter
Familial
Paternal
Multi-generational
GEN190R004
frameshift_variant
c.2030dup
p.Leu677PhefsTer43
Familial
Maternal and paternal
Multi-generational
GEN190R005
frameshift_variant
c.359del
p.Lys120ArgfsTer3
Familial
Maternal and paternal
Multiplex
GEN190R006
frameshift_variant
c.1094dup
p.Tyr366LeufsTer10
Familial
Maternal and paternal
Multi-generational
GEN190R007
missense_variant
c.1671C>G
p.Asn557Lys
Familial
Paternal
Multiplex
GEN190R046
frameshift_variant
c.1300_1301del
p.Gln434GlufsTer11
De novo
Multiplex
GEN190R076
missense_variant
c.824A>C
p.Tyr275Ser
Familial
Maternal
Multi-generational
GEN190R084
frameshift_variant
c.134_135del
p.Asp45GlyfsTer43
Familial
Paternal
Multiplex
GEN190R086
missense_variant
c.416C>T
p.Ser139Leu
Familial
Maternal
Unknown
GEN190R088
missense_variant
c.1787A>T
p.Asp596Val
Familial
Paternal
Unknown
GEN190R089
frameshift_variant
c.1091dup
p.Tyr366LeufsTer10
Unknown
Unknown
GEN190R092
missense_variant
c.1019A>G
p.Asn340Ser
Familial
Maternal
Unknown
GEN190R094
missense_variant
c.469G>A
p.Asp157Asn
Familial
Maternal
Unknown
GEN190R099
missense_variant
c.2873G>A
p.Arg958Gln
Familial
Paternal
Simplex
GEN190R103
frameshift_variant
c.1091del
p.Pro364ArgfsTer4
Familial
Paternal
Multiplex
GEN190R108
missense_variant
c.1019A>G
p.Asn340Ser
Familial
Maternal
Multi-generational
GEN190R110
frameshift_variant
c.1017del
p.Asn340MetfsTer28
Familial
Maternal
Multi-generational
GEN190R113
frameshift_variant
c.1408_1417del
p.Ala470SerfsTer96
Familial
Paternal
Simplex
GEN190R116
frameshift_variant
c.1091del
p.Pro364ArgfsTer4
Familial
Paternal
Multiplex
GEN190R135
stop_gained
c.859G>T
p.Glu287Ter
Familial
Paternal
Multi-generational
GEN190R137
missense_variant
c.3319C>G
p.Arg1107Gly
Familial
Paternal
Simplex
GEN190R138
frameshift_variant
c.1036_1037insATCAA
p.Ile346AsnfsTer24
Familial
Multi-generational
GEN190R140
missense_variant
c.361G>A
p.Asp121Asn
Familial
Maternal
Multiplex
GEN190R141
missense_variant
c.595G>C
p.Glu199Gln
Unknown
Not maternal
Simplex
GEN190R144
missense_variant
c.1628T>C
p.Leu543Pro
Familial
Paternal
Simplex
GEN190R159
stop_gained
c.498C>G
p.Tyr166Ter
Familial
Maternal
Multi-generational
GEN190R169
missense_variant
c.1342G>A
p.Asp448Asn
Familial
Maternal
Multi-generational
GEN190R172
missense_variant
c.1873A>G
p.Arg625Gly
Familial
Maternal
Multi-generational
GEN190R173
missense_variant
c.1004G>A
p.Ser335Asn
Familial
Paternal
Multi-generational
GEN190R185
stop_gained
c.918C>G
p.Tyr306Ter
Familial
Paternal
Multi-generational
GEN190R187
frameshift_variant
c.1987del
p.Ser663ProfsTer13
Familial
Paternal
Multiplex
GEN190R201
frameshift_variant
c.339dup
p.Val114ArgfsTer112
Familial
Multi-generational
GEN190R210
frameshift_variant
c.2123_2124del
p.Lys708ArgfsTer11
Familial
Maternal
GEN190R224
frameshift_variant
c.1068_1071delinsCA
p.Glu357SerfsTer18
De novo
Simplex
Common
No Common Variants Available