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Relevance to Autism

A number of de novo variants in the KDM2B gene, including two de novo missense variants, have been identified in ASD probands (Iossifov et al., 2014; Feliciano et al., 2019; Satterstrom et al., 2020). Gao et al., 2022 demonstrated that Kdm2b played a critical role in maintaining neural stem cells (NSCs) in the mouse brain, and that heterozygous adult Kdm2b mutant mice displayed both intellectual disability-like memory deficits and core autistic-like behaviors. van Jaarsveld et al., 2022 described a cohort of 21 individuals with heterozygous and likely pathogenic variants in KDM2B presenting with a neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, autism, attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, congenital anomalies mainly affecting the heart, eyes, and urogenital system, and subtle facial dysmorphism. Yokotsuka-Ishida et al., 2021 identified a missense variant in the KDM2B gene in a Japanese family with a dominant inheritance of symptoms including Marfan syndrome-like minor physical anomalies, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia. KDM2B has also been proposed to be a contributing gene to phenotypes observed in individuals with 12q24.31 microdeletions (Chouery et al., 2013; Labonne et al., 2016; Krzyzewska et al., 2019).

Molecular Function

This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbls class.

External Links

        

References

Type
Title
Type of Disorder
Associated Disorders
Author, Year
Primary
The contribution of de novo coding mutations to autism spectrum disorder
ASD
Support
Report on a patient with a 12q24.31 microdeletion inherited from an insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus father.
DD, epilepsy/seizures
Support
KDM2B regulates hippocampal morphogenesis by transcriptionally silencing Wnt signaling in neural progenitors
Support
Positional cloning and comprehensive mutation analysis identified a novel KDM2B mutation in a Japanese family with minor malformations, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia
Schizophrenia, ID
Support
Large-Scale Exome Sequencing Study Implicates Both Developmental and Functional Changes in the Neurobiology of Autism
ASD
Support
A genome-wide DNA methylation signature for SETD1B-related syndrome
ASD, ADHD, DD, ID
Support
Exome sequencing of 457 autism families recruited online provides evidence for autism risk genes
ASD
Support
An atypical 12q24.31 microdeletion implicates six genes including a histone demethylase KDM2B and a histone methyltransferase SETD1B in syndromic i...
DD, epilepsy/seizures
Autistic features
Support
Whole genome sequencing analysis identifies sex differences of familial pattern contributing to phenotypic diversity in autism
ASD
Recent Recommendation
Delineation of a KDM2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder and its associated DNA methylation signature
DD, ID
ASD or autistic features, ADD, ADHD, epilepsy/seiz
Recent Recommendation
Impaired KDM2B-mediated PRC1 recruitment to chromatin causes defective neural stem cell self-renewal and ASD/ID-like behaviors
ASD, ID
Variant ID
Variant Type
Allele Change
Residue Change
Inheritance Pattern
Inheritance Association
Family Type
Author, Year
 GEN1364R001 
 missense_variant 
 c.2287C>A 
 p.Pro763Thr 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN1364R002 
 missense_variant 
 c.2365G>A 
 p.Gly789Ser 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R003 
 intron_variant 
 c.1735-41G>A 
  
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R004 
 intron_variant 
 c.33+8G>T 
  
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R005 
 intron_variant 
 c.33+8G>T 
  
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R006 
 missense_variant 
 c.2173G>A 
 p.Ala725Thr 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Multiplex 
 GEN1364R007 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN1364R008 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R009 
 copy_number_loss 
  
  
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R010 
 missense_variant 
 c.1912G>A 
 p.Gly638Ser 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R011 
 stop_gained 
 c.3370C>T 
 p.Arg1124Ter 
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN1364R012 
 missense_variant 
 c.946G>A 
 p.Val316Ile 
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Multiplex 
 GEN1364R013 
 missense_variant 
 c.499C>T 
 p.Arg167Trp 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R014 
 missense_variant 
 c.1894G>T 
 p.Asp632Tyr 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R015 
 missense_variant 
 c.1880G>A 
 p.Cys627Tyr 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R016 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.364del 
 p.Met122CysfsTer24 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R017 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.2798_2816del 
 p.Asn933SerfsTer35 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R018 
 missense_variant 
 c.1847G>A 
 p.Cys616Tyr 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R019 
 missense_variant 
 c.1913G>A 
 p.Gly638Asp 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R020 
 missense_variant 
 c.1846T>C 
 p.Cys616Arg 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R021 
 missense_variant 
 c.1889G>C 
 p.Cys630Ser 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R022 
 missense_variant 
 c.1847G>A 
 p.Cys616Tyr 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R023 
 inframe_deletion 
 c.1810_1812del 
 p.Lys604del 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R024 
 missense_variant 
 c.1627G>A 
 p.Ala543Thr 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R025 
 missense_variant 
 c.2297G>A 
 p.Arg766Gln 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R026 
 missense_variant 
 c.1954A>G 
 p.Ile652Val 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN1364R027 
 missense_variant 
 c.3637C>T 
 p.Arg1213Trp 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R028 
 splice_site_variant 
 c.684+5G>A 
  
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN1364R029 
 missense_variant 
 c.2860C>T 
 p.Leu954Phe 
 De novo 
  
  
Chromosome
CNV Locus
CNV Type
# of studies
Animal Model
12
Duplication
 1
 
12
Duplication
 3
 
12
Duplication
 1
 
12
Duplication
 1
 
12
Deletion-Duplication
 26
 
12
Deletion-Duplication
 2
 

Model Summary

Kdm2b is a transcription factor, and a mutation lacking the CxxC-ZF domain shows embryonic lethality in homozygous form. The heterozygous mutant shows decreased hippocampal size and deficits in hippocampus-dependent tasks, such as novel object recognition and spatial learning. The heterozygous mutant shows upregulation of genes associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Heterozygote mutants that lack the CxxC-ZF domain have decreased occupancy of the transcription factor on its DNA targets, suggesting that lack of its transcriptional regulatory activity leads to downstream effects on morphology and behavior.

References

Type
Title
Author, Year
Primary
Impaired KDM2B-mediated PRC1 recruitment to chromatin causes defective neural stem cell self-renewal and ASD/ID-like behaviors
Model Type: Genetic
Model Genotype: Heterozygous
Mutation: The Kdm2b conditional mutant mouse line (MGI:7327329) was generated by inserting two LoxP elements into the exon 13-flanking sites at the Kdm2b gene locus. A Cre recombinase-mediated deletion of exon 13 results in altered splicing of mRNA encoding a mutant KDM2B protein with deletion of amino acids 552-626 encompassing the entire CxxC-ZF domain. The mutant KDM2B protein contains all functional domains except its CxxC-ZF domain and thus lacks its function in recruiting PRC1 to chromatin. The conditional-ready mutant was crossed with a neural progenitor cell-specific Cre (Nestin-Cre) mouse line (MGI:2176173) to generate neural Kdm2b heterozygous conditional mutant mice.
Allele Type: Conditional knockin
Strain of Origin: C57BL/6 x 129; (C57BL/6 x SJL)F2
Genetic Background: C57BL/6
ES Cell Line: Not specified
Mutant ES Cell Line:
Model Source: Yi Zhang lab; Jackson laboratory
Category
Entity
Quantity
Experimental Paradigm
Age at Testing
Cell proliferation: neural precursors1
Decreased
 BrdU incorporation
 E16
Hippocampal morphology1
Decreased
 Measurement of tissue weight
 P60
Cell proliferation: neural precursors1
Decreased
 Immunohistochemistry
 E16
Social approach1
Decreased
 Three-chamber social approach test
 3 months
Social memory1
Decreased
 Three-chamber social approach test
 3 months
Spatial reference memory1
Decreased
 Morris water maze test
 3 months
Spatial learning1
Decreased
 Morris water maze test
 3 months
Object recognition memory1
Decreased
 Novel object recognition test
 3 months
Protein-DNA complex assembly1
Decreased
 Chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR)
 E16
Targeted expression1
Decreased
 Quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR)
 E16
Gene expression1
Increased
 Quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR)
 E16
Targeted expression1
Abnormal
 Western blot
 not specified
Differential gene expression1
Abnormal
 RNA sequencing
 E16
Protein-DNA complex assembly1
Decreased
 Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq)
 E16
Mortality/lethality: embryonic1
 No change
 Genotypic ratio of progeny from heterozygous parents
 not specified
Anxiety1
 No change
 Open field test
 3 months
General locomotor activity: ambulatory activity1
 No change
 Open field test
 3 months
Swimming ability1
 No change
 Morris water maze test
 3 months
Brain size1
 No change
 Macroscopic analysis
 P60
 Not Reported:

 

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