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Relevance to Autism

Two de novo likely gene-disruptive/protein-truncating variants in the GIGYF1 gene (both frameshift) were identified in ASD probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (PMID 25363768). Additional de novo likely gene-disruptive/protein-truncating variants in GIGYF1 were identified in ASD probands from the SPARK cohort (Feliciano et al., 2019) and the Autism Sequencing Consortium (Satterstrom et al., 2020); six protein-truncating variants in this gene were also observed in case samples from the Danish iPSYCH study in Satterstrom et al., 2020. Furthermore, independent TADA analyses in Feliciano et al., 2019 and Satterstrom et al., 2020 identified GIGYF1 as an ASD candidate gene with a false discovery rate (FDR) 0.01. A two-stage analysis of rare de novo and inherited coding variants in 42,607 ASD cases, including 35,130 new cases from the SPARK cohort, in Zhou et al., 2022 identified GIGYF1 as a gene reaching exome-wide significance (P < 2.5E-06). Analysis of whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing data from the SPARK cohort and the Simons Simplex Collection in Chen et al., 2022 identified a significant de novo enrichment (P<2.7E-12) and significant transmission disequilibrium (P<1E-05) of GIGYF1 heterozygous likely gene-disruptive (LGD) variants in these two cohorts; a recurrent LGD variant in GIGYF1 (c.332del;p.Leu111ArgfsTer234) that was detected in 23 ASD individuals from 20 families or singleton cases and shown experimentally to result in abnormal cellular localization in mouse primary cultured neurons also showed significant de novo enrichment (P=0.0004) and significant transmission disequilibrium (P=0.03). Additional mouse model studies in Chen et al., 2022 demonstrated Gigyf1 conditional knockout mice exhibited social impairments without significant cognitive impairments and a reduction of upper layer cortical neurons accompanied by decreased proliferation and increased differentiation of neural progenitor cells.

Molecular Function

The protein encoded by this gene may act cooperatively with GRB10 to regulate tyrosine kinase receptor signaling and may increase IGF1 receptor phosphorylation under IGF1 stimulation as well as phosphorylation of IRS1 and SHC1 (by similarity).

External Links

        

References

Type
Title
Type of Disorder
Associated Disorders
Author, Year
Primary
The contribution of de novo coding mutations to autism spectrum disorder
ASD
Positive Association
De Novo Coding Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder.
Tourette syndrome
Support
Exome sequencing of 457 autism families recruited online provides evidence for autism risk genes
ASD
Support
Prevalence and phenotypic impact of rare potentially damaging variants in autism spectrum disorder
ASD
Support
Inherited and De Novo Genetic Risk for Autism Impacts Shared Networks.
ASD
Support
Evidence for 28 genetic disorders discovered by combining healthcare and research data
DD
Support
Whole genome sequencing and variant discovery in the ASPIRE autism spectrum disorder cohort.
ASD
Support
Rare genetic susceptibility variants assessment in autism spectrum disorder: detection rate and practical use.
ASD
Support
Whole genome sequencing analysis identifies sex differences of familial pattern contributing to phenotypic diversity in autism
ASD
Support
Inherited and multiple de novo mutations in autism/developmental delay risk genes suggest a multifactorial model.
ASD
Support
Large-Scale Exome Sequencing Study Implicates Both Developmental and Functional Changes in the Neurobiology of Autism
ASD
Support
Prevalence and architecture of de novo mutations in developmental disorders
DD
Support
Autism risk in offspring can be assessed through quantification of male sperm mosaicism.
ASD
Support
Integrating de novo and inherited variants in 42
ASD
Support
Excess of rare, inherited truncating mutations in autism.
ASD
Support
De Novo Damaging DNA Coding Mutations Are Associated With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Overlap With Tourette's Disorder and Autism.
OCD
Support
Mutational Landscape of Autism Spectrum Disorder Brain Tissue
ASD
Recent Recommendation
Adult cognitive function
Recent Recommendation
ASD
ADHD, DD, ID, epilepsy/seizures
Recent Recommendation
GIGYF1 disruption associates with autism and impaired IGF-1R signaling
ASD
DD, ID
Variant ID
Variant Type
Allele Change
Residue Change
Inheritance Pattern
Inheritance Association
Family Type
Author, Year
 GEN646R001 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.1140_1156del 
 p.Thr381ArgfsTer13 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R002 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.1481_1485dup 
 p.Ala496ArgfsTer17 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R003 
 splice_site_variant 
 c.2761+2T>C 
  
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R004 
 missense_variant 
 c.3034C>T 
 p.His1012Tyr 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R005 
 missense_variant 
 c.707G>A 
 p.Arg236His 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R006 
 missense_variant 
 c.242C>T 
 p.Pro81Leu 
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R007 
 missense_variant 
 c.163A>G 
 p.Lys55Glu 
 Unknown 
 Not maternal 
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R008 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.2688_2689del 
 p.Arg897AlafsTer39 
 Unknown 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R009 
 missense_variant 
 c.2870A>G 
 p.Gln957Arg 
 De novo 
  
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R010 
 stop_gained 
 c.661C>T 
 p.Arg221Ter 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R011 
 missense_variant 
 c.3034C>T 
 p.His1012Tyr 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R012 
 stop_gained 
 c.1810C>T 
 p.Gln604Ter 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R013 
 stop_gained 
 c.2610C>G 
 p.Tyr870Ter 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R014 
 splice_region_variant 
 c.482+7C>G 
  
 De novo 
  
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R015 
 stop_lost 
 c.3106T>G 
 p.Ter1036GlyextTer72 
 De novo 
  
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R016 
 stop_gained 
 c.439C>T 
 p.Arg147Ter 
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN646R017 
 synonymous_variant 
 c.3000G>A 
 p.Glu1000%3D 
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN646R018 
 stop_gained 
 c.175G>T 
 p.Glu59Ter 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R019 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.274_275del 
 p.Leu92ValfsTer38 
 Unknown 
 Not maternal 
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R020 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.331dup 
 p.Leu111ProfsTer20 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R021 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R022 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R023 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R024 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R025 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R026 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R027 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R028 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R029 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R030 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R031 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R032 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 De novo 
  
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R033 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R034 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R035 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R036 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R037 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R038 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R039 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Unknown 
 Not maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R040 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R041 
 stop_gained 
 c.370C>T 
 p.Arg124Ter 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R042 
 stop_gained 
 c.439C>T 
 p.Arg147Ter 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R043 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.451dup 
 p.Glu151GlyfsTer10 
 Unknown 
  
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R044 
 stop_gained 
 c.474G>A 
 p.Trp158Ter 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R045 
 stop_gained 
 c.763C>T 
 p.Arg255Ter 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R046 
 stop_gained 
 c.772C>T 
 p.Arg258Ter 
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R047 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.944_945del 
 p.Leu315GlnfsTer10 
 Unknown 
  
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R048 
 splice_site_variant 
 c.949-2A>G 
  
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R049 
 stop_gained 
 c.979C>T 
 p.Gln327Ter 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R050 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.992del 
 p.Phe331SerfsTer14 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R051 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.1172_1175del 
 p.Lys391SerfsTer14 
 Unknown 
  
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R052 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.1236_1239dup 
 p.Gly414CysfsTer10 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R053 
 splice_site_variant 
 c.1291-1G>A 
  
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R054 
 stop_gained 
 c.1489G>T 
 p.Glu497Ter 
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R055 
 splice_site_variant 
 c.1731-1G>A 
  
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R056 
 stop_gained 
 c.1913C>A 
 p.Ser638Ter 
 Unknown 
 Not maternal 
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R057 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.1947del 
 p.His649GlnfsTer28 
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R058 
 splice_site_variant 
 c.1970-1G>C 
  
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R059 
 splice_site_variant 
 c.2193+1G>T 
  
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R060 
 splice_site_variant 
 c.2193+1G>T 
  
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R061 
 splice_site_variant 
 c.2193+1G>A 
  
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R062 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.2228dup 
 p.Gln744AlafsTer77 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R063 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.2331dup 
 p.Gln778AlafsTer43 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R064 
 stop_gained 
 c.2407C>T 
 p.Arg803Ter 
 Unknown 
  
 Unknown 
 GEN646R065 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.2441del 
 p.Leu814ArgfsTer44 
 De novo 
  
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R066 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.2453_2454insA 
 p.Ser819ValfsTer2 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R067 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.2647del 
 p.Glu883ArgfsTer7 
 Unknown 
 Not maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R068 
 stop_gained 
 c.2869C>T 
 p.Gln957Ter 
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R069 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.3097del 
 p.Asp1033MetfsTer14 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN646R070 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 Familial 
 Maternal 
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R071 
 stop_gained 
 c.439C>T 
 p.Arg147Ter 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R072 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.475del 
 p.Asp159MetfsTer186 
 Unknown 
  
 Multiplex 
 GEN646R073 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.521del 
 p.Gly174GlufsTer171 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R074 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.663_664insAGACG 
 p.Asp222ArgfsTer125 
 Unknown 
  
 Extended multiplex 
 GEN646R075 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.2498dup 
 p.Gly834ArgfsTer35 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R076 
 stop_gained 
 c.2653G>T 
 p.Glu885Ter 
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN646R077 
 missense_variant 
 c.595C>T 
 p.Arg199Cys 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R078 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.634_655del 
 p.Ser212ProfsTer126 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R079 
 missense_variant 
 c.670G>A 
 p.Asp224Asn 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R080 
 missense_variant 
 c.2870A>G 
 p.Gln957Arg 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R081 
 missense_variant 
 c.2717G>A 
 p.Cys906Tyr 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R082 
 missense_variant 
 c.1436A>G 
 p.Tyr479Cys 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R083 
 splice_region_variant 
 c.524-3C>T 
  
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R084 
 missense_variant 
 c.2957C>T 
 p.Thr986Met 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R085 
 missense_variant 
 c.659G>A 
 p.Arg220Gln 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R086 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.2310del 
 p.Met771Ter 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R087 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.2903del 
 p.Ser968ThrfsTer12 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R088 
 stop_gained 
 c.772C>T 
 p.Arg258Ter 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R089 
 missense_variant 
 c.574C>T 
 p.Arg192Cys 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R090 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.1006del 
 p.Glu336ArgfsTer9 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R091 
 splice_site_variant 
 c.1969+1G>T 
  
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R092 
 stop_gained 
 c.678G>A 
 p.Trp226Ter 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R093 
 missense_variant 
 c.1588C>G 
 p.Arg530Gly 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R094 
 missense_variant 
 c.13A>G 
 p.Thr5Ala 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R095 
 missense_variant 
 c.2009C>T 
 p.Ser670Leu 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R096 
 stop_gained 
 c.2653G>T 
 p.Glu885Ter 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R097 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.2840del 
 p.Asp947AlafsTer33 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN646R098 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.332del 
 p.Leu111ArgfsTer234 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN646R099 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.2181dup 
 p.Arg728SerfsTer93 
 De novo 
  
  
Chromosome
CNV Locus
CNV Type
# of studies
Animal Model
7
Deletion
 2
 
7
Duplication
 2
 
7
Deletion-Duplication
 28
 

Model Summary

Gigyf1 haploinsufficiency in the developing brain leads to social impairments without significant cognitive impairments, but homozygous mice showed more severe social disability as well as cognitive impairments. Gigyf1 deficiency in mice also leads to a reduction of upper layer cortical neurons accompanied by decreased proliferation and increased differentiation of neural progenitor cells. Gigyf1 is shown to be a regulator of IGF-1R recycling and interferes with IGR-1R/ERK signaling pathway.

References

Type
Title
Author, Year
Primary
GIGYF1 disruption associates with autism and impaired IGF-1R signaling
Model Type: Genetic
Model Genotype: Heterozygous
Mutation: Floxed mice(Gigyf1^flox/flox) were generated mice with conditional alleles carrying loxP sites in introns 1 and 9 by CRISPR/Cas9 targeting strategy. The Gigyf1^flox/flox mice were crossed with Nestin-Cre mice to generate Gigyf1^flox/+-CreNestin (conditional heterozygote) and Gigyf1^flox/flox-CreNestin (conditional knockout) mice.
Allele Type: Conditional knockout
Strain of Origin:
Genetic Background: C56BL/6J
ES Cell Line:
Mutant ES Cell Line:
Model Source: GemPharmatech, Co., Ltd.
Category
Entity
Quantity
Experimental Paradigm
Age at Testing
Rearing behavior1
Increased
 Observation of repetitive behavior
 4-8 weeks
Cortical lamination1
Decreased
 Immunohistochemistry
 E18.5
Cell proliferation: neural precursors1
Decreased
 Immunohistochemistry
 E14.5
Radial glial cell number1
Decreased
 Immunohistochemistry
 E14.5
Cell proliferation: neural precursors1
Decreased
 EdU incorporation
 E14.5, E12
Neuronal differentiation1
Increased
 Immunohistochemistry
 E14.5
Repetitive digging1
Increased
 Marble-burying test
 4-8 weeks
Social approach1
Decreased
 Three-chamber social approach test
 4-8 weeks
Social memory1
Decreased
 Three-chamber social approach test
 4-8 weeks
Protein expression: in situ protein expression1
Abnormal
 Immunohistochemistry
 E14.5
Targeted expression1
Decreased
 Western blot
 unreported
Signaling: MAPK pathway1
Decreased
 Western blot
 E14.5
Signaling: MAPK pathway1
Decreased
 Immunohistochemistry
 E14.5
Size/growth1
 No change
 Body weight measurement
 P30
Anxiety1
 No change
 Elevated plus maze test
 4-8 weeks
Anxiety1
 No change
 Light-dark exploration test
 4-8 weeks
Anxiety1
 No change
 Open field test
 4-8 weeks
Object recognition memory1
 No change
 Novel object recognition test
 4-8 weeks
Spatial learning1
 No change
 Morris water maze test
 4-8 weeks
Spatial reference memory1
 No change
 Morris water maze test
 4-8 weeks
Brain size1
 No change
 Macroscopic analysis
 P2
Brain size1
 No change
 Measurement of tissue weight
 P2
Neuronal migration1
 No change
 EdU incorporation
 E18.5
Self grooming1
 No change
 Grooming behavior assessments
 4-8 weeks
 Not Reported:


Interactor Symbol Interactor Name Interactor Organism Entrez ID Uniprot ID Interaction Type Evidence Reference
ATN1 atrophin 1 1822 P54259 Y2H; IP/WB
Lim J , et al. 2006
CEP250 centrosomal protein 250kDa 11190 Q9BV73 TAP; MS
Fogeron ML , et al. 2013
EIF4E2 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E family member 2 9470 O60573 Cocapping assay; IP/WB; Far Western Blot; AP-MS
Morita M , et al. 2012
EIF4E2 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E family member 2 9470 O60573 IP; LC-MS/MS
Huttlin EL , et al. 2015
ELAVL1 ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila)-like 1 (Hu antigen R) 1994 Q15717 RNP IP
Abdelmohsen K , et al. 2009
FMR1 fragile X mental retardation 1 2332 G8JLE9 PAR-CLIP
Ascano M Jr , et al. 2012
GRB10 growth factor receptor bound protein 10 14783 Q60760 Y2H; IP/WB
Giovannone B , et al. 2003
LATS2 LATS, large tumor suppressor, homolog 2 (Drosophila) 26524 Q9NRM7 AP-MS
Couzens AL , et al. 2013
RQCD1 RCD1 required for cell differentiation1 homolog (S. pombe) 9125 B7Z1E5 IP/WB; GST; in vitro binding assay
Ajiro M , et al. 2010
WDR83 WD repeat domain 83 84292 Q9BRX9 IP; LC-MS/MS
Huttlin EL , et al. 2015
YWHAB tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, beta polypeptide 7529 P31946 AP-MS
Couzens AL , et al. 2013
YWHAQ tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, theta polypeptide 10971 P27348 LC-MS/MS
Ichimura T , et al. 2013

FMR1
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