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Relevance to Autism

Genetic association has been found between the GABRB1 gene and autism. Positive associations were found in particular through interaction with GABRA4 (Ma et al., 2005) and in families with a positive history of seizures (Collins et al., 2006).

Molecular Function

The encoded protein is a subunit of the GABA-A receptor. Neurotransmission is predominantly mediated by a gated chloride channel activity intrinsic to the receptor.

External Links

        

References

Type
Title
Type of Disorder
Associated Disorders
Author, Year
Primary
Identification of significant association and gene-gene interaction of GABA receptor subunit genes in autism.
ASD
Positive Association
De novo mutations in epileptic encephalopathies.
Epilepsy
IS, LGS, DD, ID, ASD, ADHD
Positive Association
Investigation of autism and GABA receptor subunit genes in multiple ethnic groups.
ASD
Support
Integrating de novo and inherited variants in 42
ASD
Support
Integrative Analyses of De Novo Mutations Provide Deeper Biological Insights into Autism Spectrum Disorder.
ASD
Support
Synaptic, transcriptional and chromatin genes disrupted in autism.
ASD
Support
ASD
DD, ID
Highly Cited
The rat beta 1-subunit of the GABAA receptor forms a picrotoxin-sensitive anion channel open in the absence of GABA.
Variant ID
Variant Type
Allele Change
Residue Change
Inheritance Pattern
Inheritance Association
Family Type
Author, Year
 GEN100R001 
 missense_variant 
 c.737T>C 
 p.Phe246Ser 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN100R002 
 frameshift_variant 
 140+AT(delAT) 
 47-! 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN100R003 
 missense_variant 
 c.733T>C 
 p.Tyr245His 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN100R004 
 missense_variant 
 c.566T>C 
 p.Ile189Thr 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN100R005 
 missense_variant 
 c.686C>T 
 p.Ala229Val 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN100R006 
 missense_variant 
 c.1365G>A 
 p.Met455Ile 
 Unknown 
  
 Simplex 
Chromosome
CNV Locus
CNV Type
# of studies
Animal Model
4
Duplication
 3
 
4
Duplication
 1
 
4
Duplication
 1
 
4
Duplication
 1
 
4
Duplication
 1
 

Model Summary

Altered GABAergic inhibitory transmission has been implicated in autism, with mutations in GABA-A receptors having been identified as genetic underpinnings to the disease. The Gabrb1 mutant model provides further evidence of this, exhibiting alterations in behavior. Specifically, mutant mice display decreased social interaction and increased grooming, with no change in general locomotor activity or anxiety. The model also shows upregulated NMDARs and NMDAR-currents, with increased levels of GluN1 and GluN2B in the hippocampus. Additionally, Gabrb1 mutant mice exhibit increased learning, displaying heightened responses to fear conditioning as well as enhanced susceptibility to picrotoxin-induced seizures. Alterations in social interaction, grooming, learning, and seizure susceptibility were all rescued by treatment with the NMDAR antagonist memantine or the glutamine synthetase antagonist methionine sulfoximine.

References

Type
Title
Author, Year
Model Type: Genetic
Model Genotype: Homozygous
Mutation: Gabrb1 knockout C57BL/6J mice were generated by TALEN (transcription activator-like effector nuclease). Exon 1 of the mouse Gabrb1 gene (chr5: 71857359-72294152, NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_000071.7) was chosen as the TALEN target site. TALEN mRNAs were generated by in vitro transcription and then injected into fertilized eggs.
Allele Type: Knockout
Strain of Origin: Not specified
Genetic Background: C57BL/6J
ES Cell Line: Not specified
Mutant ES Cell Line:
Model Source: Cyagen Biosciences Inc.
Category
Entity
Quantity
Experimental Paradigm
Age at Testing
Neuroreceptor levels: glutamate receptors: nmda receptors1
Increased
 Western blot
 8â??10 weeks
Synaptic transmission: excitatory1
Increased
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 3â??4 weeks
Synaptic transmission: inhibitory1
Decreased
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 3â??4 weeks
Self grooming1
Increased
 Grooming behavior assessments
 8â??12 weeks
Seizures1
Increased
 Observation of chemically induced seizures
 8â??12 weeks
Seizures1
Increased
 Survival analysis
 8â??12 weeks
Social interaction1
Decreased
 Home cage behavior
 8â??12 weeks
Social approach1
Decreased
 Three-chamber social approach test
 8â??12 weeks
Spatial reference memory1
Increased
 Morris water maze test
 8â??12 weeks
Spatial learning1
Increased
 Morris water maze test
 8â??12 weeks
Cued or contextual fear conditioning1
Increased
 Fear conditioning test
 8â??12 weeks
Differential gene expression1
Abnormal
 Quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR)
 8â??10 weeks
Targeted expression1
Decreased
 Western blot
 not specified
Differential gene expression1
Abnormal
 RNA sequencing
 8â??10 weeks
Protein localization: synapse1
Increased
 Fractionation
 8â??10 weeks
Differential gene expression1
Abnormal
 Immunohistochemistry
 6 weeks
Protein localization: synapse1
Increased
 Immunohistochemistry
 8â??10 weeks
Differential gene expression1
Abnormal
 Immunoprecipitation
 8â??10 weeks
Targeted expression1
Decreased
 Quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR)
 not specified
Differential gene expression: ASD risk genes1
Abnormal
 RNA sequencing
 8â??10 weeks
Size/growth1
 No change
 Body weight measurement
 4, 8, 12 weeks
Anxiety1
 No change
 Elevated plus maze test
 8â??12 weeks
General locomotor activity1
 No change
 Open field test
 8â??12 weeks
Brain size1
 No change
 Measurement of tissue weight
 12 weeks
Membrane potential1
 No change
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 3â??4 weeks
Presynaptic function: paired-pulse facilitation1
 No change
 Whole-cell patch clamp
 3â??4 weeks
Social approach1
 No change
 Three-chamber social approach test
 8â??12 weeks
 Not Reported:


Interactor Symbol Interactor Name Interactor Organism Entrez ID Uniprot ID Interaction Type Evidence Reference
AKAP5 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 5 9495 P24588 GST
Brandon NJ , et al. 2003
ARFGEF2 ADP-ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide-exchange factor 2 (brefeldin A-inhibited) 296380 Q7TSU1 Y2H
Charych EI , et al. 2004
C1QBP complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein 29681 O35796 Y2H
Schaerer MT , et al. 2001
GNB2L1 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2-like 1 10399 P63244 GST; Overlay binding assay
Brandon NJ , et al. 1999
PRKACA protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha 282322 P00517 in vitro kinase assay
Moss SJ , et al. 1992
PRKCB protein kinase C, beta 25023 P68403 in vitro kinase assay; GST; Overlay binding assay
Brandon NJ , et al. 1999

ARFGEF2
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