Summary Statistics:
ASD Reports: 53
Recent Reports: 3
Annotated variants: 340
Associated CNVs: 8
Evidence score: 5
Gene Score: 2S
Relevance to Autism
35 unique de novo variants (including 19 predicted loss-of-function alleles and 5 missense variants experimentally shown to be loss-of-function) in the DDX3X gene were identified in 38 female cases with intellectual disability, 20 of whom also presented with behavioral problems including autism spectrum disorder, hyperactivity, and aggression (Snijders Blok et al., 2015). A de novo splice-site variant in this gene was also identified in an ASD proband from the Simons Simplex Collection (Iossifov et al., 2014).
Molecular Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the large DEAD-box protein family, that is defined by the presence of the conserved Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD) motif,and acts as a multifunctional ATP-dependent RNA helicase. Nuclear roles for the encoded protein include transcriptional regulation, mRNP assembly, pre-mRNA splicing, and mRNA export, while in the cytoplasm, this protein is thought to be involved in translation and cellular signaling.
References
Primary
Mutations in DDX3X Are a Common Cause of Unexplained Intellectual Disability with Gender-Specific Effects on Wnt Signaling.
ID
ASD
Support
Lessons Learned from Large-Scale, First-Tier Clinical Exome Sequencing in a Highly Consanguineous Population.
ID, ADHD
Autistic features, stereotypies
Support
Identification of Intellectual Disability Genes in Female Patients with A Skewed X Inactivation Pattern.
ID
Support
Diagnostic yield of patients with undiagnosed intellectual disability
DD, ID
Support
A recurrent PJA1 variant in trigonocephaly and neurodevelopmental disorders
DD
Support
Genomic diagnosis for children with intellectual disability and/or developmental delay.
ID
Support
Integrating de novo and inherited variants in 42
ASD
Support
Developmental and Behavioral Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of DDX3X Syndrome
Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syn
Support
Three de novo DDX3X variants associated with distinctive brain developmental abnormalities and brain tumor in intellectually disabled females.
X-linked mental retardation-102 (MRX102)
Autistic features (hand stereotypies)
Support
The contribution of de novo coding mutations to autism spectrum disorder
ASD
Support
Autistic-like Behaviors Associated with a Novel Non-Canonical Splice-Site DDX3X Variant: A Case Report of a Rare Clinical Syndrome
ASD, DD
Support
Severe childhood speech disorder: Gene discovery highlights transcriptional dysregulation
Childhood apraxia of speech
ASD, DD, ID
Support
DDX3X mutations in two girls with a phenotype overlapping Toriello-Carey syndrome.
ID, epilepsy/seizures
Hypotonia, microcephaly
Support
Complex Diagnostics of Non-Specific Intellectual Developmental Disorder
DD, ID
Support
Prospective and detailed behavioral phenotyping in DDX3X syndrome
X-linked mental retardation-102 (MRX102)
ASD, DD
Support
Inherited and multiple de novo mutations in autism/developmental delay risk genes suggest a multifactorial model.
ASD
Support
DD, ID
ASD, epilepsy/seizures, stereotypy
Support
Diagnostic yield of next-generation sequencing in 87 families with neurodevelopmental disorders
DD, ID
Support
Excess of de novo variants in genes involved in chromatin remodelling in patients with marfanoid habitus and intellectual disability
ID
Marfanoid habitus
Support
A clinical utility study of exome sequencing versus conventional genetic testing in pediatric neurology.
DD, ID
Support
Aberrant cortical development is driven by impaired cell cycle and translational control in a DDX3X syndrome model
Support
De novo variants in neurodevelopmental disorders-experiences from a tertiary care center
DD
ASD, ID
Support
Phenotypic expansion in DDX3X - a common cause of intellectual disability in females.
X-linked mental retardation-102 (MRX102)
Support
New Candidates for Autism/Intellectual Disability Identified by Whole-Exome Sequencing
ASD, ID
Support
Inherited and De Novo Genetic Risk for Autism Impacts Shared Networks.
ASD
Support
Lessons learned from additional research analyses of unsolved clinical exome cases.
DD, ID
Epilepsy/seizures, microcephaly
Support
Clinical Targeted Panel Sequencing Analysis in Clinical Evaluation of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in China
ASD
Support
Comprehensive Genetic Analysis of Non-syndromic Autism Spectrum Disorder in Clinical Settings
ASD
Support
A hypomorphic inherited pathogenic variant in DDX3X causes male intellectual disability with additional neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative fe...
X-linked mental retardation-102 (MRX102)
Support
Prevalence and phenotypic impact of rare potentially damaging variants in autism spectrum disorder
ASD
Support
Expansion of phenotype of DDX3X syndrome: six new cases.
X-linked mental retardation-102 (MRX102)
Support
DD
ASD, ADHD, epilepsy/seizures
Support
Whole genome sequencing resource identifies 18 new candidate genes for autism spectrum disorder
ASD
Support
Sexually dimorphic RNA helicases DDX3X and DDX3Y differentially regulate RNA metabolism through phase separation
Support
Large-scale targeted sequencing identifies risk genes for neurodevelopmental disorders
ASD, DD, ID
Support
Integrative Analyses of De Novo Mutations Provide Deeper Biological Insights into Autism Spectrum Disorder.
ASD
Support
A single center experience with publicly funded clinical exome sequencing for neurodevelopmental disorders or multiple congenital anomalies
ADHD, DD, ID
Support
Increased diagnostic and new genes identification outcome using research reanalysis of singleton exome sequencing.
ID
Support
Epilepsy/seizures
DD, stereotypy
Support
Meta-analysis of 2,104 trios provides support for 10 new genes for intellectual disability
ID
Support
Expansion of Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of DDX3X Neurodevelopmental Disorder in 23 Chinese Patients
DD, ID
ASD, epilepsy/seizures
Support
A de novo DDX3X Variant Is Associated With Syndromic Intellectual Disability: Case Report and Literature Review
Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syn
DD, ID, epilepsy/seizures, stereotypy
Support
High Rate of Recurrent De Novo Mutations in Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies.
Epilepsy/seizures
DD/ID
Support
Exome Sequencing in 200 Intellectual Disability/Autistic Patients: New Candidates and Atypical Presentations
ASD, ID
DD
Recent Recommendation
DD, ID
ASD, ADHD
Recent Recommendation
Arachnoid cysts
ASD, DD
Recent Recommendation
Pathogenic DDX3X Mutations Impair RNA Metabolism and Neurogenesis during Fetal Cortical Development
X-linked mental retardation-102 (MRX102)
ASD, ADHD
GEN745R001
missense_variant
c.1126C>T
p.Arg376Cys
De novo
GEN745R002
stop_gained
c.233C>G
p.Ser78Ter
De novo
GEN745R003
missense_variant
c.1126C>T
p.Arg376Cys
De novo
GEN745R004
stop_gained
c.136C>T
p.Arg46Ter
De novo
GEN745R005
missense_variant
c.1601G>A
p.Arg534His
De novo
GEN745R006
missense_variant
c.641T>C
p.Ile214Thr
De novo
GEN745R007
missense_variant
c.1520T>C
p.Ile507Thr
De novo
GEN745R008
missense_variant
c.977G>A
p.Arg326His
De novo
GEN745R009
frameshift_variant
c.-78del
De novo
GEN745R010
frameshift_variant
c.1229_1230dup
p.Thr411LeufsTer10
De novo
GEN745R011
frameshift_variant
c.160dup
p.Asp54GlyfsTer2
De novo
GEN745R012
splice_site_variant
c.-83A>G
De novo
GEN745R013
frameshift_variant
c.655dup
p.Asp219GlyfsTer76
De novo
GEN745R014
frameshift_variant
De novo
GEN745R015
missense_variant
c.1440A>T
p.Arg480Ser
De novo
GEN745R016
stop_gained
c.873C>A
p.Tyr291Ter
De novo
GEN745R017
stop_gained
c.1693C>T
p.Gln565Ter
De novo
GEN745R018
frameshift_variant
c.590_591del
p.Leu197HisfsTer97
De novo
GEN745R019
splice_site_variant
De novo
GEN745R020
frameshift_variant
c.599dup
p.Tyr200Ter
De novo
GEN745R021
frameshift_variant
c.1321del
p.Asp441IlefsTer3
De novo
GEN745R022
frameshift_variant
c.1383dup
p.Tyr462IlefsTer3
De novo
GEN745R023
frameshift_variant
c.439_440dup
p.Gln148AsnfsTer74
De novo
GEN745R024
frameshift_variant
c.1535_1536del
p.His512ArgfsTer5
De novo
GEN745R025
missense_variant
c.1541T>C
p.Ile514Thr
De novo
GEN745R026
missense_variant
c.704T>C
p.Leu235Pro
De novo
GEN745R027
missense_variant
c.1175T>C
p.Leu392Pro
De novo
GEN745R028
missense_variant
c.1463G>A
p.Arg488His
De novo
GEN745R029
missense_variant
c.1126C>T
p.Arg376Cys
De novo
GEN745R030
missense_variant
c.1250A>C
p.Gln417Pro
De novo
GEN745R031
missense_variant
c.698C>T
p.Ala233Val
De novo
GEN745R032
stop_gained
c.931C>T
p.Arg311Ter
De novo
GEN745R033
splice_site_variant
c.46-2A>G
De novo
GEN745R034
inframe_deletion
c.734_736del
p.Asp245del
De novo
GEN745R035
missense_variant
c.1423C>G
p.Arg475Gly
De novo
GEN745R036
splice_site_variant
c.46-2A>G
De novo
GEN745R037
missense_variant
c.1703C>T
p.Pro568Leu
De novo
GEN745R038
missense_variant
c.581A>T
p.Asn194Ile
De novo
GEN745R039
missense_variant
c.1084C>T
p.Arg362Cys
Familial
Maternal
Extended multiplex
GEN745R040
missense_variant
c.107G>A
p.Gly36Glu
Familial
Maternal
Extended multiplex
GEN745R041
missense_variant
c.898G>T
p.Val300Phe
Familial
Maternal
Multiplex
GEN745R042
splice_site_variant
c.1171-2A>G
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R043
missense_variant
c.856G>A
p.Ala286Thr
Unknown
Not maternal
GEN745R044
stop_gained
c.577G>T
p.Gly193Ter
De novo
GEN745R045
frameshift_variant
c.1229_1230dup
p.Thr411LeufsTer10
De novo
GEN745R046
splice_site_variant
c.865-2A>G
De novo
GEN745R047
frameshift_variant
c.269dup
p.Ser90ArgfsTer8
De novo
GEN745R048
frameshift_variant
c.641del
p.Ile214ThrfsTer7
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R049
missense_variant
c.595A>C;c.643A>C
p.Lys199Gln;p.Lys215Gln
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R050
missense_variant
c.758C>T
p.Ala253Val
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R051
frameshift_variant
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R052
missense_variant
c.362G>T
p.Arg121Leu
Familial
Maternal
GEN745R053
stop_gained
c.233C>G
p.Ser78Ter
De novo
GEN745R054
missense_variant
c.1703C>T
p.Pro568Leu
De novo
GEN745R055
missense_variant
c.1600C>G
p.Arg534Gly
De novo
GEN745R056
stop_gained
c.745G>T
p.Glu249Ter
De novo
GEN745R057
stop_gained
c.619C>T
p.Gln207Ter
De novo
GEN745R058
missense_variant
c.1601G>A
p.Arg534His
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R059
missense_variant
c.977G>A
p.Arg326His
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R060
missense_variant
c.236G>A
p.Arg79Lys
Familial
Maternal
Multiplex
GEN745R061
frameshift_variant
De novo
GEN745R062
missense_variant
c.949T>C
p.Cys317Arg
De novo
GEN745R063
frameshift_variant
De novo
GEN745R064
inframe_deletion
De novo
GEN745R065
missense_variant
c.1244T>A
p.Ile415Asn
De novo
GEN745R066
missense_variant
c.26C>G
p.Ala9Gly
De novo
GEN745R067
missense_variant
c.758C>T
p.Ala253Val
De novo
GEN745R068
frameshift_variant
De novo
Multiplex (monozygotic twins)
GEN745R069
frameshift_variant
c.-73_-72insTATA
De novo
GEN745R070
stop_gained
c.874C>T
p.Arg292Ter
De novo
GEN745R071
missense_variant
c.887G>C
p.Arg296Pro
De novo
GEN745R072
inframe_insertion
c.236_241dup
p.Arg79_Gly80dup
De novo
GEN745R073
missense_variant
c.1600C>T
p.Arg534Cys
De novo
GEN745R074
missense_variant
c.1600C>T
p.Arg534Cys
De novo
GEN745R075
missense_variant
c.1805G>A
p.Arg602Gln
De novo
GEN745R076
stop_gained
NM_001193416.1:c.1804C>T
p.Arg602Ter
De novo
GEN745R077
frameshift_variant
De novo
GEN745R078
stop_gained
De novo
GEN745R079
frameshift_variant
De novo
GEN745R080
missense_variant
c.1595C>T
p.Thr532Met
De novo
GEN745R081
missense_variant
c.88G>C
p.Gly30Arg
De novo
GEN745R082
stop_gained
c.1386C>G
p.Tyr462Ter
Unknown
GEN745R083
splice_site_variant
c.284+1G>A
De novo
GEN745R084
splice_site_variant
c.-82G>A
De novo
GEN745R085
missense_variant
c.1021T>C
p.Cys341Arg
De novo
GEN745R086
missense_variant
c.1244T>A
p.Ile415Asn
De novo
GEN745R087
inframe_deletion
c.262_264del
p.Arg88del
De novo
GEN745R088
missense_variant
c.1438A>G
p.Arg480Gly
De novo
GEN745R089
missense_variant
c.107G>A
p.Gly36Glu
Familial
Maternal
GEN745R090
splice_region_variant
De novo
GEN745R091
missense_variant
c.1304T>C
p.Leu435Pro
De novo
GEN745R092
splice_site_variant
c.46-2A>G
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R093
missense_variant
c.1511G>A
p.Gly504Glu
De novo
GEN745R094
inframe_indel
c.491_494delinsTCTC
p.Asp164_Asp165delinsValSer
De novo
GEN745R095
inframe_deletion
De novo
GEN745R096
frameshift_variant
c.147del
p.Gly51ValfsTer170
Familial
GEN745R097
frameshift_variant
c.833dup
p.Leu278PhefsTer17
Familial
GEN745R098
frameshift_variant
De novo
GEN745R099
splice_site_variant
c.226dup
p.Ser76LysfsTer2
De novo
GEN745R100
frameshift_variant
c.426_437del
p.Ser143_Leu146del
De novo
GEN745R101
frameshift_variant
De novo
GEN745R102
frameshift_variant
De novo
GEN745R103
frameshift_variant
c.1776dup
p.Ser593Ter
De novo
Multiplex
GEN745R104
inframe_deletion
c.685_687del
p.Gly229del
Unknown
Simplex
GEN745R105
splice_site_variant
c.46-2A>G
De novo
GEN745R106
stop_gained
c.71C>A
p.Ser24Ter
De novo
GEN745R107
stop_gained
c.79C>T
p.Gln27Ter
De novo
GEN745R108
frameshift_variant
c.80dup
p.Ser28GlufsTer23
De novo
GEN745R109
missense_variant
c.119C>G
p.Pro40Arg
De novo
GEN745R110
frameshift_variant
c.126_129del
p.His42GlnfsTer178
De novo
GEN745R111
frameshift_variant
c.147del
p.Gly51ValfsTer170
De novo
GEN745R112
splice_site_variant
c.151+1G>T
De novo
GEN745R113
stop_gained
c.173C>A
p.Ser58Ter
De novo
GEN745R114
stop_gained
c.173C>A
p.Ser58Ter
De novo
GEN745R115
frameshift_variant
c.192dup
p.Asp65ArgfsTer2
De novo
GEN745R116
stop_gained
c.233C>G
p.Ser78Ter
De novo
GEN745R117
stop_gained
c.241_242insCTT
p.Lys81delinsThrTer
De novo
GEN745R118
splice_site_variant
c.284+1G>A
De novo
GEN745R119
splice_site_variant
De novo
GEN745R120
missense_variant
c.544T>G
p.Phe182Val
De novo
GEN745R121
splice_site_variant
De novo
GEN745R122
missense_variant
c.569T>G
p.Ile190Ser
Unknown
GEN745R123
missense_variant
c.592A>C
p.Thr198Pro
De novo
GEN745R124
stop_gained
c.599dup
p.Tyr200Ter
De novo
GEN745R125
missense_variant
c.610A>C
p.Thr204Pro
De novo
GEN745R126
missense_variant
c.616G>A
p.Val206Met
De novo
GEN745R127
stop_gained
c.619C>T
p.Gln207Ter
De novo
GEN745R128
frameshift_variant
c.623del
p.Lys208SerfsTer13
De novo
GEN745R129
frameshift_variant
c.641_643delinsCC
p.Ile214ThrfsTer7
De novo
GEN745R130
missense_variant
c.672C>T
p.Ala224%3D
De novo
GEN745R131
splice_site_variant
De novo
GEN745R132
frameshift_variant
c.691dup
p.Thr231AsnfsTer64
De novo
GEN745R133
missense_variant
c.698C>T
p.Ala233Val
De novo
GEN745R134
missense_variant
c.698C>T
p.Ala233Val
De novo
GEN745R135
missense_variant
c.704T>A
p.Leu235Gln
De novo
GEN745R136
stop_gained
c.731C>G
p.Ser244Ter
De novo
GEN745R137
stop_gained
c.745G>T
p.Glu249Ter
De novo
GEN745R138
frameshift_variant
c.749_750insGCCTC
p.Leu251ProfsTer3
De novo
GEN745R139
missense_variant
c.764A>G
p.Lys255Arg
De novo
GEN745R140
frameshift_variant
c.830_831del
p.Glu277ValfsTer17
De novo
GEN745R141
frameshift_variant
c.831_832dup
p.Leu278CysfsTer44
De novo
GEN745R142
missense_variant
c.857C>A
p.Ala286Asp
De novo
GEN745R143
splice_site_variant
c.-82G>C
Unknown
GEN745R144
splice_site_variant
c.-82G>A
De novo
GEN745R145
frameshift_variant
c.868del
p.Ser290HisfsTer31
De novo
GEN745R146
stop_gained
c.874C>T
p.Arg292Ter
De novo
GEN745R147
missense_variant
c.878C>T
p.Ser293Phe
De novo
GEN745R148
missense_variant
c.887G>C
p.Arg296Pro
De novo
GEN745R149
missense_variant
c.968C>T
p.Thr323Ile
De novo
GEN745R150
missense_variant
c.977G>A
p.Arg326His
De novo
GEN745R151
missense_variant
c.977G>A
p.Arg326His
De novo
GEN745R152
missense_variant
c.977G>A
p.Arg326His
De novo
GEN745R153
splice_site_variant
c.75T>G
p.Asp25Glu
De novo
GEN745R154
splice_site_variant
c.70T>A
p.Ser24Thr
De novo
GEN745R155
missense_variant
c.1052G>A
p.Arg351Gln
Familial
Maternal
GEN745R156
missense_variant
c.1088G>A
p.Arg363Lys
De novo
GEN745R157
missense_variant
c.1105A>G
p.Thr369Ala
Familial
Maternal
GEN745R158
frameshift_variant
c.1105dup
p.Thr369AsnfsTer14
De novo
GEN745R159
missense_variant
c.1126C>T
p.Arg376Cys
De novo
GEN745R160
missense_variant
c.1126C>T
p.Arg376Cys
De novo
GEN745R161
missense_variant
c.1126C>T
p.Arg376Cys
De novo
GEN745R162
missense_variant
c.1126C>T
p.Arg376Cys
De novo
GEN745R163
inframe_deletion
c.1138_1140del
p.Met380del
De novo
GEN745R164
missense_variant
c.1144A>C
p.Ser382Arg
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R165
missense_variant
c.1175T>C
p.Leu392Pro
De novo
GEN745R166
inframe_deletion
c.1206_1208del
p.Phe402del
De novo
GEN745R167
missense_variant
c.281G>A
p.Gly94Glu
De novo
GEN745R168
missense_variant
c.1243A>T
p.Ile415Phe
De novo
GEN745R169
inframe_deletion
c.1244_1246del
p.Ile415del
De novo
GEN745R170
missense_variant
c.1245C>G
p.Ile415Met
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R171
missense_variant
c.1250A>C
p.Gln417Pro
De novo
GEN745R172
frameshift_variant
c.1256del
p.Val419GlufsTer17
De novo
GEN745R173
frameshift_variant
c.1276_1279del
p.Asp426AsnfsTer9
De novo
GEN745R174
missense_variant
c.1292T>G
p.Leu431Arg
De novo
GEN745R175
frameshift_variant
c.1321del
p.Asp441IlefsTer3
De novo
GEN745R176
inframe_indel
c.1371_1382delinsCTC
p.Glu458_Leu461delinsSer
De novo
GEN745R177
stop_gained
c.1372G>T
p.Glu458Ter
De novo
GEN745R178
frameshift_variant
c.1383dup
p.Tyr462IlefsTer3
De novo
GEN745R179
frameshift_variant
c.1384_1385dup
p.His463ThrfsTer34
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R180
frameshift_variant
c.1395_1399del
p.Tyr466MetfsTer13
De novo
GEN745R181
missense_variant
c.1399G>T
p.Ala467Ser
Familial
Maternal
GEN745R182
missense_variant
c.1438A>G
p.Arg480Gly
De novo
GEN745R183
missense_variant
c.1439G>C
p.Arg480Thr
De novo
GEN745R184
missense_variant
c.1462C>T
p.Arg488Cys
De novo
GEN745R185
frameshift_variant
c.1462del
p.Arg488AlafsTer8
De novo
GEN745R186
missense_variant
c.1463G>A
p.Arg488His
De novo
GEN745R187
missense_variant
c.1463G>A
p.Arg488His
De novo
GEN745R188
missense_variant
c.1463G>A
p.Arg488His
De novo
GEN745R189
missense_variant
c.1463G>A
p.Arg488His
De novo
GEN745R190
missense_variant
c.1481T>G
p.Ile494Ser
De novo
GEN745R191
missense_variant
c.1490C>T
p.Ala497Val
De novo
GEN745R192
missense_variant
c.1490C>T
p.Ala497Val
De novo
GEN745R193
inframe_deletion
c.1491_1493del
p.Thr498del
De novo
GEN745R194
missense_variant
c.1493C>T
p.Thr498Ile
De novo
GEN745R195
splice_site_variant
c.551A>G
p.Asp184Gly
De novo
GEN745R196
splice_site_variant
c.551A>G
p.Asp184Gly
De novo
GEN745R197
missense_variant
c.1513C>G
p.Leu505Val
De novo
GEN745R198
frameshift_variant
c.1534_1535del
p.His512CysfsTer5
De novo
GEN745R199
frameshift_variant
c.1535_1536del
p.His512ArgfsTer5
Unknown
GEN745R200
missense_variant
c.1541T>C
p.Ile514Thr
De novo
GEN745R201
missense_variant
c.1582C>T
p.Arg528Cys
De novo
GEN745R202
missense_variant
c.1595C>T
p.Thr532Met
De novo
GEN745R203
missense_variant
c.1595C>T
p.Thr532Met
De novo
GEN745R204
missense_variant
c.1595C>T
p.Thr532Met
De novo
GEN745R205
missense_variant
c.1595C>T
p.Thr532Met
De novo
GEN745R206
stop_gained
c.1641insT
p.Arg548Ter
De novo
GEN745R207
missense_variant
c.1676T>A
p.Leu559His
De novo
GEN745R208
stop_gained
c.1710G>A
p.Trp570Ter
De novo
GEN745R209
stop_gained
c.1728T>G
p.Tyr576Ter
De novo
GEN745R210
stop_gained
c.1804C>T
p.Arg602Ter
De novo
GEN745R211
stop_gained
c.1807C>T
p.Arg603Ter
De novo
GEN745R212
frameshift_variant
c.147del
p.Gly51ValfsTer170
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R213
splice_site_variant
c.1616-2A>G
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R214
frameshift_variant
c.1745dup
p.Ser583Ter
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R215
missense_variant
c.703C>T
p.Leu235%3D
De novo
GEN745R216
missense_variant
c.1666T>G
p.Leu556Val
De novo
GEN745R217
stop_gained
c.889C>T
p.Pro297Ser
Unknown
GEN745R218
frameshift_variant
c.724dup
p.Ile242AsnfsTer53
Unknown
GEN745R219
missense_variant
c.971C>A
p.Pro324Gln
Unknown
GEN745R220
splice_site_variant
c.1770-1G>A
Unknown
GEN745R221
frameshift_variant
c.869dup
p.Tyr291IlefsTer4
Unknown
GEN745R222
frameshift_variant
c.1834dup
p.Ser612LysfsTer19
Unknown
GEN745R223
frameshift_variant
c.1868dup
p.Gly624ArgfsTer6
Unknown
GEN745R224
stop_gained
c.600T>A
p.Tyr200Ter
Unknown
GEN745R225
stop_gained
c.1712T>A
p.Leu571Ter
Unknown
GEN745R226
frameshift_variant
c.724dup
p.Ile242AsnfsTer53
Unknown
GEN745R227
missense_variant
c.1595C>T
p.Thr532Met
Unknown
GEN745R228
missense_variant
c.1595C>T
p.Thr532Met
Unknown
GEN745R229
missense_variant
c.895G>A
p.Val299Met
Unknown
GEN745R230
missense_variant
c.898G>T
p.Val300Phe
Unknown
GEN745R231
missense_variant
c.1703C>T
p.Pro568Leu
Unknown
GEN745R232
missense_variant
c.976C>T
p.Arg326Cys
Unknown
GEN745R233
splice_site_variant
c.1766A>G
p.Lys589Arg
Unknown
GEN745R234
splice_site_variant
c.1498-2A>G
Unknown
GEN745R235
splice_site_variant
c.1766A>G
p.Lys589Arg
Unknown
GEN745R236
missense_variant
c.1126C>T
p.Arg376Cys
De novo
GEN745R237
missense_variant
c.1502C>A
p.Ala501Glu
De novo
GEN745R238
missense_variant
c.1148C>G
p.Ala383Gly
De novo
Unknown
GEN745R239
missense_variant
c.977G>A
p.Arg326His
De novo
Unknown
GEN745R240
initiator_codon_variant
c.3G>C
p.Met1?
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R241
splice_region_variant
c.679+3_679+4inv
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R242
frameshift_variant
c.723_724del
p.Gln241HisfsTer53
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R243
missense_variant
c.853G>A
p.Glu285Lys
Unknown
Not maternal
GEN745R244
splice_site_variant
c.865-1G>C
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R245
missense_variant
c.875G>T
p.Arg292Leu
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R246
stop_gained
c.922C>T
p.Gln308Ter
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R247
missense_variant
c.976C>T
p.Arg326Cys
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R248
inframe_deletion
c.1138_1140del
p.Met380del
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R249
inframe_deletion
c.1206_1208del
p.Phe402del
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R250
splice_site_variant
c.1498-2A>G
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R251
stop_gained
c.1710G>A
p.Trp570Ter
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R252
frameshift_variant
c.1474del
p.Ser492AlafsTer4
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R253
missense_variant
c.976C>T
p.Arg326Cys
De novo
GEN745R254
missense_variant
c.1628C>T
p.Ser543Leu
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R255
missense_variant
c.1177G>A
p.Ala393Thr
Unknown
GEN745R256
missense_variant
c.251G>T
p.Gly84Val
Familial
Maternal
Simplex
GEN745R257
missense_variant
c.1415A>G
p.His472Arg
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R258
intron_variant
c.45+12G>A
Unknown
Not maternal
Simplex
GEN745R259
missense_variant
c.1084C>G
p.Arg362Gly
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R260
missense_variant
c.635C>T
p.Pro212Leu
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R261
frameshift_variant
c.1579del
p.His527IlefsTer9
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R262
splice_site_variant
c.1171-2A>C
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R263
frameshift_variant
c.371del
p.Asn124ThrfsTer97
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R264
missense_variant
c.1051C>T
p.Arg351Trp
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R265
missense_variant
c.611C>T
p.Thr204Ile
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R266
missense_variant
c.1595C>T
p.Thr532Met
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R267
frameshift_variant
c.749_756del
p.Ala250GlyfsTer42
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R268
stop_gained
c.136C>T
p.Arg46Ter
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R269
splice_site_variant
c.865-1G>A
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R270
inframe_deletion
c.693_695del
p.Ala233del
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R271
stop_gained
c.894C>A
p.Cys298Ter
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R272
frameshift_variant
c.1633insT
p.Phe545PhefsTer2
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R273
inframe_deletion
c.1678_1680del
p.Leu560del
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R274
missense_variant
c.1703C>T
p.Pro568Leu
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R275
missense_variant
c.1679T>G
p.Leu560Arg
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R276
missense_variant
c.1463G>A
p.Arg488His
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R277
frameshift_variant
c.620_626dup
p.His209GlnfsTer88
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R278
initiator_codon_variant
c.3G>A
p.Met1?
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R279
stop_gained
c.1628C>G
p.Ser543Ter
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R280
missense_variant
c.605G>C
p.Arg202Pro
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R281
missense_variant
c.329G>A
p.Arg110His
Familial
Maternal
GEN745R282
missense_variant
c.584T>G
p.Ile195Ser
De novo
GEN745R283
missense_variant
c.70T>G
p.Ser24Ala
Familial
Maternal
GEN745R284
missense_variant
c.113A>G
p.Tyr38Cys
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R285
missense_variant
c.1091T>C
p.Ile364Thr
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R286
missense_variant
c.1513C>G
p.Leu505Val
De novo
Multiplex
GEN745R287
frameshift_variant
c.1199_1200delinsC
p.Tyr400SerfsTer6
De novo
GEN745R288
inframe_deletion
c.1846_1848del
p.Ser616del
De novo
GEN745R289
splice_region_variant
c.544-8_544-6del
De novo
GEN745R290
missense_variant
c.641T>C
p.Ile214Thr
De novo
GEN745R291
stop_gained
c.1029C>A
p.Tyr343Ter
De novo
GEN745R292
splice_site_variant
c.1171-2A>G
Unknown
GEN745R293
missense_variant
c.113A>G
p.Tyr38Cys
De novo
GEN745R294
missense_variant
c.1502C>A
p.Ala501Glu
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R295
frameshift_variant
c.1099dup
p.Gln367ProfsTer16
De novo
GEN745R296
intron_variant
c.103+15T>C
Familial
Maternal
GEN745R297
intron_variant
c.1615+14T>C
Familial
Maternal
GEN745R298
missense_variant
c.599A>G
p.Tyr200Cys
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R299
missense_variant
c.1582C>T
p.Arg528Cys
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R300
stop_gained
c.894C>A
p.Cys298Ter
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R301
splice_site_variant
c.865-1G>C
De novo
GEN745R302
missense_variant
c.710C>T
p.Pro237Leu
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R303
frameshift_variant
c.1535_1536del
p.His512ArgfsTer5
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R304
stop_gained
c.1382T>A
p.Leu461Ter
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R305
synonymous_variant
c.744C>T
p.Gly248=
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R306
missense_variant
c.1213G>T
p.Val405Leu
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R307
missense_variant
c.572T>A
p.Ile191Asn
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R308
missense_variant
c.1126C>T
p.Arg376Cys
De novo
GEN745R309
missense_variant
c.1583G>A
p.Arg528His
De novo
GEN745R310
stop_gained
c.136C>T
p.Arg46Ter
Unknown
GEN745R311
missense_variant
c.1279A>C
p.Lys427Gln
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R312
missense_variant
c.1415A>G
p.His472Arg
De novo
GEN745R313
stop_gained
c.1325C>G
p.Ser442Ter
De novo
GEN745R314
missense_variant
c.1600C>T
p.Arg534Cys
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R315
missense_variant
c.697G>A
p.Ala233Thr
Familial
Maternal
GEN745R316
inframe_deletion
c.641_643del
p.Ile214del
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R317
missense_variant
c.1208T>G
p.Leu403Trp
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R318
missense_variant
c.1541T>C
p.Ile514Thr
Unknown
GEN745R319
missense_variant
c.1052G>A
p.Arg351Gln
Familial
Maternal
GEN745R320
stop_gained
c.489C>G
p.Tyr163Ter
De novo
GEN745R321
missense_variant
c.26C>T
p.Ala9Val
Familial
Maternal
GEN745R322
stop_gained
c.1072G>T
p.Glu358Ter
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R323
frameshift_variant
c.893dup
p.Cys298TrpfsTer51
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R324
frameshift_variant
c.644_645del
p.Lys215ArgfsTer79
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R325
splice_site_variant
c.1497+1G>C
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R326
missense_variant
c.1022G>A
p.Cys341Tyr
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R327
frameshift_variant
c.1230dup
p.Thr411TyrfsTer3
De novo
GEN745R328
stop_gained
c.874C>T
p.Arg292Ter
Unknown
GEN745R329
stop_gained
c.43C>T
p.Gln15Ter
Unknown
GEN745R330
frameshift_variant
c.123_124del
p.His42PhefsTer8
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R331
missense_variant
c.1199A>G
p.Tyr400Cys
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R332
splice_site_variant
c.443+1G>C
De novo
GEN745R333
missense_variant
c.1594A>G
p.Thr532Ala
Unknown
GEN745R334
inframe_deletion
c.1257_1259del
p.Val420del
Unknown
GEN745R335
frameshift_variant
c.830_831del
p.Glu277ValfsTer17
Unknown
GEN745R336
missense_variant
c.1045G>A
p.Ala349Thr
De novo
GEN745R337
frameshift_variant
c.1658_1661del
p.Thr553ArgfsTer18
De novo
Simplex
GEN745R338
splice_site_variant
c.766-8_766-2del
Unknown
GEN745R339
stop_gained
c.71C>A
p.Ser24Ter
Unknown
GEN745R340
missense_variant
c.1529T>C
p.Val510Ala
Unknown
No Common Variants Available
X
Deletion-Duplication
21
Summary Statistics:
# of Reports: 1
# of Models: 1
Model Summary
Ddx3x happloinsufficient female mice show physical, sensory, and motor developmental delays, hyperactivity, anxiety-like behaviors, cognitive impairments, abnormal contextual fear memory and motor deficits. reduction in brain volume, with some regions (e.g., cortex and amygdala) disproportionally affected, cortical thinning, defective cortical lamination, abnormal glutamatergic neurons in the developing cortex. Motor function declined with age but not if mice were previously exposed to behavioral training (Boitnott A, et al, Biol Psych., 2021).
References
Primary
Developmental and Behavioral Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of DDX3X Syndrome
Model Type:
genetic LOF
Model Genotype:
Heterozygous
Mutation:
The ddx3x^flox line was generated by introducing two loxp sites flanking exon 2 of mouse ddx3x in c57bl/6j embryonic stem cells. to generate the knockout allele, ddx3x^flox/flox females were crossed with b6.cg-edil3^tg(sox2-cre)1amc/j males (sox2-cre/+) (#008454; the jackson laboratory). sox2-cre is expressed in the epiblast at early gastrulation. at least 13 individuals with pathogenic loss-offunction mutations affecting exon 2 have been reported. ddx3x^flox/flox females were crossed with sox2-cre males to excise exon 2 and generate a ddx3x targeted allele.
Allele Type: Conditional knockout
Strain of Origin: C57BL/6J
Genetic Background: C57BL/6J
ES Cell Line: C57BL/6J
Mutant ES Cell Line: C57BL/6J
Model Source: Ozgene
Decreased
View More
Description: At 4 months both genotypes improved their performance (latency to fall) over the trials, showing no deficits in short-term or long-term learning; 1-year-old mice showed a decline in motor function and learning; late onset
Accelerating rotarod test
4 months
Motor coordination and balance1
Decreased
View More
Description: 4-month old mice had no deficits in turning, but it took them longer to descend the pole; naïve 1- year-old mice had difficulties both turning and descending
Vertical pole test
4 months, 1 year
Decreased
View More
Description: Took longer to flip onto their paws from a supine position
Righting reflex test
P0-P21
General locomotor activity1
Increased
View More
Description: Moved faster
Open field test
4 months
Motor coordination and balance1
Decreased
View More
Description: Shorter latency to fall
Accelerating rotarod test
4 months, 1 year
Increased
View More
Description: Increased spontaneous general activity
Home cage behavior
4 months
Decreased
View More
Description: Delayed acquisition of negative geotaxis skills
Negative geotaxis test
P2-P14
Abnormal
View More
Description: Transient alteration in gait, with changes at p19 and p22 that were no longer apparent by p30; early onset
Footprint analysis
P19, P22
Motor coordination and balance1
Decreased
View More
Description: Four month-old mice covered a shorter distance on the balance beam and slipped more frequently; naïve one-year-old mice had a more pronounced loss of balance
Balance beam test
4 months. 1 year
Increased
View More
Description: Explored both arms more
Y-maze test
4 months
Motor strength and endurance1
Decreased
View More
Description: Hypotonia
Righting reflex test
P0-P21
Motor coordination and balance1
Decreased
View More
Description: Able to hang on a wire as long as their littermates but they covered a reduced number of segments while moving on the wire, indicating intact endurance but decreased coordination
Wire hang test
4 months, 1 year
Decreased
View More
Description: Abnormal neuromuscular development, decreased grip
Grip strength test
P0-P21
Decreased
View More
Description: Ctip21 neurons were reduced in m1, m2, and s1
Immunohistochemistry
4 months
Somatosensory cortical map architecture1
Abnormal
View More
Description: S1 displayed fewer ctip2 neurons, especially in lv and more brn11 neurons but no changes in ctip2+ brn1+
Immunohistochemistry
P3
Decreased
View More
Description: Neocortex is smaller
Immunohistochemistry
P3
Abnormal
View More
Description: Motor cortices show alteration of location and specification of ctip21 subpopulations (both scpns and its), with excess of ctip2+brn1+ and depletion of ctip2+satb2+ subpopulations
Immunohistochemistry
P3
Abnormal
View More
Description: Relative distribution of ctip2 neurons is altered in m1, tbr1 cthpn pool was increased in the dl
Immunohistochemistry
P3
Increased
View More
Description: Higher number of cells in m2 region of the neocortex
Immunohistochemistry
P3
Abnormal
View More
Description: Volumetric reduction disproportionally in the neocortex, part of the olfactory system (olfactory bulbs, olfactory tubercle, and lateral olfactory tract), and part of the limbic system (the amygdala and hippocampus, especially the subiculum)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
P3
Startle response: acoustic stimulus1
Decreased
View More
Description: Delay in developing a startle reflex to an auditory stimulus
Acoustic startle reflex test
P0-P21
Pain or nociception: mechanical1
Decreased
View More
Description: Reduced limb withdrawal indicative of reduced nociception
Von Frey filament test
4 months
Decreased
View More
Description: Delay in establishing visual placing competence
Visual placing test
P0-P21
Ear twitch reflex or Preyer's reflex1
Decreased
View More
Description: Delays in ear twitch reflex and vibrissae-evoked forelimb placing
Preyer's Reflex test
P0-P21
Decreased
View More
Description: A labyrinth-related reflex measured as aversion to a cliff edge
Cliff avoidance test
P0-P21
Decreased
View More
Description: Decreased provoked biting reflex
Cotton bud biting test
4 months
Increased
View More
Description: Higher defecation
General observations
4 months
Developmental trajectory1
Decreased
View More
Description: Growth delay
Body weight measurement
P0-P21
Developmental trajectory1
Decreased
View More
Description: Delay in eye opening, delayed pinna detachment, no delays in the development of the fur/skin or tooth eruption, delayed ear development
General observations
P0-P21
Decreased
View More
Description: Lower body weight in adulthood
Body weight measurement
Adult
Respiratory system development1
Abnormal
View More
Description: Increased incidence of acute suppurative alveolitis
Histology
Not reported
Increased
View More
Description: Mice entered the center zone as often as control mice but it took them longer to enter it and they spent less time in it
Open field test
4 months
Increased
View More
Description: Explored the edges more
Open field test
4 months
Increased
View More
Description: Explored the arena more
Open field test
4 months
Cued or contextual fear conditioning: Memory of context1
Decreased
View More
Description: Recall was weaker upon exposure to context
Fear conditioning test
4 months
Decreased
View More
Description: Decreased ddx3x mrna in ddx3x het females
Quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR)
P21
Decreased
View More
Description: Decreased ddx3x protein in ddx3x het females
Western blot
P21
No change
General observations
Adult
No change
Elevated plus maze test
4 months
No change
Fear conditioning test
4 months
Cued or contextual fear conditioning: Memory of cue1
No change
Fear conditioning test
4 months
Object recognition memory1
No change
Novel object recognition test
4 months
No change
Y-maze test
4 months
Protein expression: In situ protein expression1
No change
Western blot
P21
General locomotor activity: Ambulatory activity1
No change
Open field test
P0-P21
No change
Grasping reflex test
P0-P21
Motor strength and endurance1
No change
Wire hang test
4 months, 1 year
No change
Righting reflex test
P0-P21
No change
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
P3
No change
Three-chamber social approach test
4 months
No change
Home cage behavior
P0-P21
Not Reported:
No Interactions Available