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Relevance to Autism

A de novo loss-of-function (LoF) variant in the CIC gene was first identified in an ASD proband from the Simons Simplex Collection (Iossifov et al., 2014). A second de novo LoF variant in this gene was identified by whole genome sequencing in an ASD proband from a simplex family as part of the MSSNG initiative in Yuen et al., 2017. Based on the discovery of two de novo LoF variants in ASD cases, a probability of LoF intolerance rate (pLI) > 0.9, and a higher-than expected mutation rate (a false discovery rate < 15%), CIC was determined to be an ASD candidate gene in Yuen et al., 2017. Lu et al., 2017 demonstrated that deletion of Cic from the developing mouse forebrain resulted in hyperactivity, impaired learning and memory, and abnormal maturation and maintainence of upper-layer cortical neurons, whereas deletion of Cic from the hypothalamus and medial amygdala resulted in abnormal social behavior in mice. Lu et al., 2017 also identified loss-of-function variants in CIC in five patients with similar clinical features, including developmental delay/intellectual disability, ASD/autistic features, and seizures.

Molecular Function

The protein encoded by this gene is an ortholog of the Drosophila melanogaster capicua gene, and is a member of the high mobility group (HMG)-box superfamily of transcriptional repressors. It may play a role in development of the central nervous system.

External Links

        

References

Type
Title
Type of Disorder
Associated Disorders
Author, Year
Primary
The contribution of de novo coding mutations to autism spectrum disorder
ASD
Support
Novel CIC variants identified in individuals with neurodevelopmental phenotypes
DD
ASD, ID, epilepsy/seizures
Support
Reanalysis of Trio Whole-Genome Sequencing Data Doubles the Yield in Autism Spectrum Disorder: De Novo Variants Present in Half
ASD
Learning disability
Support
Recent ultra-rare inherited variants implicate new autism candidate risk genes
ASD
Support
Clinical Utility of Proband Only Clinical Exome Sequencing in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
DD, ID
Support
Utility of clinical exome sequencing in a complex Emirati pediatric cohort
ASD, DD
Support
ASD
DD, ID
Support
Genome sequencing identifies multiple deleterious variants in autism patients with more severe phenotypes.
ASD
Support
A de novo paradigm for mental retardation.
ID
Support
Genome-wide rare variant score associates with morphological subtypes of autism spectrum disorder
ASD
Support
Whole-genome sequencing identifies novel genes for autism in Chinese trios
ASD
Support
Integrating de novo and inherited variants in 42
ASD
Support
Next-generation phenotyping integrated in a national framework for patients with ultrarare disorders improves genetic diagnostics and yields new molecular findings
DD
Recent Recommendation
Disruption of the ATXN1-CIC complex causes a spectrum of neurobehavioral phenotypes in mice and humans.
DD, ID
ASDor autistic features, epilepsy/seizures
Recent Recommendation
Whole genome sequencing resource identifies 18 new candidate genes for autism spectrum disorder
ASD
Variant ID
Variant Type
Allele Change
Residue Change
Inheritance Pattern
Inheritance Association
Family Type
Author, Year
 GEN882R001 
 stop_gained 
 c.820C>T 
 p.Arg274Ter 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN882R002 
 missense_variant 
 c.457C>T 
 p.Pro153Ser 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN882R003 
 stop_gained 
 c.1582C>T 
 p.Arg528Ter 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN882R004 
 stop_gained 
 c.673C>T 
 p.Arg225Cys 
 Familial 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN882R005 
 missense_variant 
 c.1474C>T 
 p.Arg492Trp 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN882R006 
 stop_gained 
 c.1057C>T 
 p.Arg353Ter 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN882R007 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.4528_4535dup 
 p.Glu1513ArgfsTer127 
 De novo 
  
 Multiplex (presumed germline mosaicism) 
 GEN882R008 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.2571_2578delinsC 
 p.Thr859AlafsTer63 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN882R009 
 stop_gained 
 c.2864C>T 
 p.Pro955Leu 
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN882R010 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.774_783del 
 p.Pro259ValfsTer88 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN882R011 
 missense_variant 
 c.1927G>C 
 p.Gly643Arg 
 Unknown 
  
 Multiplex 
 GEN882R012 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.4143del 
 p.Asp1382ThrfsTer26 
 Familial 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN882R013 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.6796del 
 p.Glu2266SerfsTer58 
 Familial 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN882R014 
 stop_gained 
 c.7480C>T 
 p.Gln2494Ter 
 Familial 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN882R015 
 stop_gained 
 c.3547C>T 
 p.Arg1183Ter 
 Familial 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN882R016 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.1100dup 
 p.Pro368AlafsTer16 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN882R017 
 stop_gained 
 c.673C>T 
 p.Arg225Cys 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN882R018 
 missense_variant 
 c.683G>A 
 p.Arg228Gln 
 Unknown 
 Not maternal 
  
 GEN882R019 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.3439_3440del 
 p.Trp1147ValfsTer76 
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN882R020 
 missense_variant 
 c.1015G>C 
 p.Glu339Gln 
 De novo 
  
 Multiplex 
 GEN882R021 
 splice_region_variant 
 c.7187-8A>G 
  
 De novo 
  
  
 GEN882R022 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.65del 
 p.Pro22GlnfsTer8 
 Familial 
 Paternal 
  
 GEN882R023 
 frameshift_variant 
 c.1246dup 
 p.Leu416ProfsTer138 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN882R024 
 missense_variant 
 c.1852G>A 
 p.Ala618Thr 
 Unknown 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN882R025 
 missense_variant 
 c.4427C>T 
 p.Thr1476Ile 
 Unknown 
  
  
 GEN882R026 
 missense_variant 
 c.2323C>T 
 p.Arg775Cys 
 Familial 
 Paternal 
 Simplex 
 GEN882R027 
 missense_variant 
 c.6746A>C 
 p.Lys2249Thr 
 De novo 
  
 Simplex 
 GEN882R028 
 missense_variant 
 c.4265C>T 
 p.Ser1422Leu 
 De novo 
  
  
Chromosome
CNV Locus
CNV Type
# of studies
Animal Model
19
Deletion
 1
 
19
Duplication
 1
 
19
Deletion-Duplication
 19
 
19
Deletion
 6
 

Model Summary

Selective Emx1-Cre mediated deletion of CIC in the developing mouse forebrain results in behavioral abnormalities including increased exploratory activities, decreased anxiety and decreased cued and contextual fear conditioning. Low-dose amphetamine treatment calmed the Cic conditional knockout mice. Histological abnormalities in the brain include reduced thickness of cortical layers 24 together with a decrease in the number of SATB2 and CUX1 positive cells and SATB2-CUX1 co-expressing cells in layer 2-4 postnatally, between birth and 5 weeks of age. Cortical layers 5 and 6 are not reduced in thickness and do not show a change in CTIP2 positive cells. Selective Neurod6-Cre mediated deletion of CIC in postmitotic excitatory neurons of the developing mouse forebrain also showed reduction of SATB2 and CUX1 in cortical layers 2-4. Selective Emx1-Cre mediated deletion of CIC in the developing mouse forebrain also results in reduced dendritic complexity of pyramidal neurons in cortical layers 2-4 but not in layers 5-6. Selective Opt-Cre mediated deletion of Cic in the hypothalamus and medial amygdala results in abnormal social behavior including reduced social approach in the three-chambered test, reduced interaction with a novel mouse in the partition test and increased aggression in the resident-intruder test, although exploratory activity was not affected (Lu HC, Nat. Gen, 2017).

References

Type
Title
Author, Year
Primary
Disruption of the ATXN1-CIC complex causes a spectrum of neurobehavioral phenotypes in mice and humans.
Model Type: Genetic
Model Genotype: Heterozygous
Mutation: Mice with a heterozygous null allele for CIC.
Allele Type: Targeted
Strain of Origin: C57BL/6
Genetic Background: C57BL/6
ES Cell Line:
Mutant ES Cell Line:
Model Source:
Category
Entity
Quantity
Experimental Paradigm
Age at Testing
Hyperactivity1
Increased
 Open field test
 12-13 weeks
Cued or contextual fear conditioning: memory of context1
 No change
 Fear conditioning test
 16-20 weeks
Cued or contextual fear conditioning: memory of cue1
 No change
 Fear conditioning test
 16-20 weeks
Object recognition memory1
 No change
 Novel object recognition test
 NA
Social approach1
 No change
 Three-chamber social approach test
 Unreported
 Not Reported: Circadian sleep/wake cycle, Communications, Developmental profile, Emotion, Immune response, Maternal behavior, Molecular profile, Neuroanatomy / ultrastructure / cytoarchitecture, Neurophysiology, Physiological parameters, Repetitive behavior, Seizure, Sensory

 

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