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18q21.31CNV Type: Deletion-Duplication


Largest CNV size: 634169 bp

Statistics Box:
Number of Reports: 10



Summary Information

Summary statement in development

Additional Locus Information

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References

Major Reports

Title
Author, Year
Report Class
CNV Type
Structural variation of chromosomes in autism spectrum disorder.
Duplication
Copy number variations associated with autism spectrum disorders contribute to a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Duplication
Confirmation of chromosomal microarray as a first-tier clinical diagnostic test for individuals with developmental delay, intellectual disability, ...
Deletion
Excess of rare, inherited truncating mutations in autism.
Deletion
High-resolution SNP genotyping platform identified recurrent and novel CNVs in autism multiplex families.
Duplication

Minor Reports

Title
Author, Year
Report Class
CNV Type
Multiple recurrent de novo CNVs, including duplications of the 7q11.23 Williams syndrome region, are strongly associated with autism.
Deletion
Rare de novo and transmitted copy-number variation in autistic spectrum disorders.
Deletion
A discovery resource of rare copy number variations in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
Duplication
Two de novo variations identified by massively parallel sequencing in 13 Chinese families with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.
Duplication
Paternally inherited cis-regulatory structural variants are associated with autism.
Deletion

Cases

Cohort ID
Author, Year
Descripton
Cohort Size
Diagnosis
Age
Gender
CNV Size
Deletion
Duplication
Total CNV's
 alayadhi_16_ASD_discovery_cases
 ASD cases from 11 multiplex families referred to Autism Research and Treatment Center (ART) and Madinah Maternity and Children Hospital (MMCH)
 22
 All ASD cases met crtieria for autism on one or both diagnostic measures (ADI-R and ADOS), autism severity assessed using CARS-2
 N/A
 100% Male
 10542
 0
 2
 2
 battaglia_13_DD/ID/ASD_discovery_cases
 Patients affected by DD/ID/ASD/dysmorphic features of unknown origin observed at the Stella Maris Institute (Pisa, Italy) between May 2004 & December 2011
 349
 34 cases with borderline intellectual disability, 237 cases with mixed intellectual disability, 78 cases with intellectual disability and ASD (cases referred with a provisional diagnosis of ASD evaluated with ADI-R and ADOS-G)
 Range, 5 mos.-19 yrs.
 63.9% Male
 316000
 1
 0
 1
 brandler_18_ASD_replication_cases
 Affected individuals from MSSNG cohort (1395 cases from 1187 families) and the Simons Simplex 2 (SSC2) cohort (584 cases from simplex quad families)
 1979
 Cases diagnosed with ASD
 N/A
 N/A
 2071
 1
 0
 1
 krumm_15_ASD_discovery_cases
 Probands from the Simons Simplex Collection
 2377
 Diagnosis of ASD
 N/A
 N/A
 8532
 1
 0
 1
 levy_11_ASD_discovery_cases
 Autistic probands from 887 families from the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC)
 858
 ASD
 
 87.06% Male
 29623
 1
 0
 1
 li_18_ASD_discovery_cases
 Children from 13 ASD trio families recruited at the Department of Pediatrics of the Chinese PLA General Hospital for Autism Research
 13
 Diagnosis of ASD made according to DSM-IV
 Mean age, 4.56 0.97 years
 92.31% Male
 445826
 0
 1
 1
 marshall_08_ASD_discovery_cases
 Cohort of ASD families (237 simplex, 189 mulitplex) recruited from the Hospital for Sick Children, McMaster Univ., Memorial Univ., and other sites
 427
 ASD
 
 
 634169
 0
 1
 1
 prasad_12_ASD_discovery_cases
 Unrelated ASD cases recruited from three Canadian sites (Hospital for Sick Children, McMaster University, and Memorial University of Newfoundland); the majority of cases had been previously genotyped with results published in Marshall et al., 2008 and Pinto et al., 2010. 20 cases from initial cohort of 696 were excluded from further analysis (due to CNVs > 5 Mb).
 676
 Diagnosis of ASD based on meeting criteria on ADI-R and/or ADOS
 NA
 82.84% Male
 934024
 0
 1
 1
 rosenfeld_10_ASD_discovery_cases
 Samples submitted between 3/2004 and 7/2008 that had ASD as indication for study (Signature Genomic Labs, Spokane, WA)
 1461
 ASD
 
 
 216394
 0
 1
 1
 sanders_11_ASD_discovery_cases
 Autistic probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC). 872 probands in quartet families, 272 probands in trios.
 1124
 ASD diagnosis: 89.5% autism; 8.5% PDD-NOS, 2% Asperger syndrome. Mean full-scale IQ 85.1 1.5 (mean verbal IQ, 81.9 1.7; mean non-verbal IQ, 88.4 1.4)
 Mean, 9.1 yrs.
 86.1% Male
 11420
 6
 0
 6

Controls

Cohort ID
Author, Year
Descripton
Cohort Size
Diagnosis
Age
Gender
CNV Size
Deletion
Duplication
Total CNV's
 engchuan_15_ASD_discovery_controls
 Platform-matched controls from three large studies: SAGE (Study of Addiction Genetics and Environment), Ontario Colorectal Cancer study, and HABC (Health Aging and Body Composition)
 2342
 Controls; subjects had no previous psychiatric history
 N/A
 46.67% Male
 78410
 1
 1
 2
 kanduri_15_ASD_discovery_controls
 Unrelated Finnish samples from the cohort of Health 2000 survey from an initial sample of 288 individuals following quality control
 269
 Controls screened for DSM-IV mental disorders using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and psychotic disorders using the research version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV
 N/A
 N/A
 1006
 1
 0
 1
 krumm_15_ASD_discovery_controls
 Unaffected siblings from quad families from the Simons Simplex Collection
 1786
 Control
 N/A
 N/A
 0
 0
 0
 0
 levy_11_ASD_discovery_controls
 Unaffected siblings of autistic probands from 887 families from the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC)
 863
 Control
 
 47.97% Male
 0
 0
 0
 0
 marshall_08_ASD_discovery_controls_1
 German PopGen project and entries from Database of Genomic Variants
 500
 Controls
 
 
 0
 0
 0
 0
 marshall_08_ASD_discovery_controls_2
 Non-disease controls from Ontario population
 1152
 Controls
 
 
 0
 0
 0
 0
 prasad_12_ASD_discovery_controls
 PDx controls [1000 DNA samples from reportedly healthy donors (50.2% male) from BioServe (Beltsville, MD)] and 4139 in-house controls previously reported in Krawcak et al. 2006, Stewart et al. 2009, and Bierut et al. 2010. CNVs identified in controls were used to define rare ASD-specific CNVs.
 5139
 Control
 NA
 NA (PDx controls 50.2% male)
 934024
 0
 0
 0
 sanders_11_ASD_discovery_controls
 Matched siblings of autistic probands from the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC).
 872
 Controls
 Mean, 10.0 yrs.
 
 25605
 2
 1
 3

Cases

Cohort ID
Geographical Ancestry
Discovery Method
Platform
Algorithm
Software
Validation Method
 alayadhi_16_ASD_discovery_cases
  Saudi
 Solid phase hybridization
  Illumina HumanOmni 2.5M
 CNVPartition v.3.2.0, Penn CNV
 Illumina GenomeStudio (Genotyping module v1.9.4, Genome Viewer v.1.9.0)
 qPCR
 battaglia_13_DD/ID/ASD_discovery_cases
  Italy
 aCGH, array SNP
  BACs aCGH, Agilent 44K, Agilent 180K, Affymetrix 6.0
 
 
 FISH, qPCR
 brandler_18_ASD_replication_cases
  N/A
 WGS
  Illumina HiSeq X10
 ForestSV, Lumpy, Manta, Mobster, SV2
 
 None
 krumm_15_ASD_discovery_cases
  N/A
 WES
 
 CoNIFER, XHMM
 
 Solid phase hybridization (Illumina 1M, 1 M Duo, or Omni 2.5)
 levy_11_ASD_discovery_cases
 
 aCGH
  NimbleGen HD2
 HMM
 
 
 li_18_ASD_discovery_cases
  Chinese
 Low-coverage WGS
  Illumina HiSeq 2000 or 2500 analyzers
 PSCC
 
 None
 marshall_08_ASD_discovery_cases
  90% European, 4.5% European-mixed, 4.5% Asian, 0.07% African
 Array SNP, karotyping
  Affymetrix 500K
 dChip, CNAG, GEMCA
 
 qPCR, qmPCR
 prasad_12_ASD_discovery_cases
  Canada
 aCGH
  Agilent 1M
 ADM-2, DNAcopy (R Bioconductor)
 DNA Analytics v4.0.85 (Agilent), DNAcopy
 None
 rosenfeld_10_ASD_discovery_cases
 
 aCGH
  BACs aCGH, whole-genome oligo-aCGH
 
 
 FISH
 sanders_11_ASD_discovery_cases
  White non-Hispanic, 74.5%; mixed, 9.3%, Asian, 4.3%, White Hispanic, 4.0%, African-American, 3.8%; other, 4.2&
 Solid phase hybridization
  Illumina 1M v1, Illumina 1M v3
 PennCNV, QuantiSNP, GNOSIS
 
 

Controls

Cohort ID
Geographical Ancestry
Discovery Method
Platform
Algorithm
Software
Validation Method
  engchuan_15_ASD_discovery_controls
  Caucasian
  Solid phase hybridization
  Illumina 1M
 
 
  None
  kanduri_15_ASD_discovery_controls
  Finnish
  Solid phase hybridization
  Illumina Infinium HD Human610-Quad BeadChip
  QuantiSNP, PennCNV
  Illumina BeadStudio
  None
  krumm_15_ASD_discovery_controls
  N/A
  WES
 
  CoNIFER, XHMM
 
  None
  levy_11_ASD_discovery_controls
 
  aCGH
  NimbleGen HD2
  HMM
 
 
  marshall_08_ASD_discovery_controls_1
  European
  Array SNP, karotyping
  Affymetrix 500K
  dChip, CNAG, GEMCA
 
 
  marshall_08_ASD_discovery_controls_2
  European
  Array SNP, karotyping
  Affymetrix 500K
  dChip, CNAG, GEMCA
 
 
  prasad_12_ASD_discovery_controls
  NA
  aCGH
  Agilent 1M
  ADM-2, DNAcopy (R Bioconductor)
  DNA Analytics v4.0.85 (Agilent), DNAcopy
 
  sanders_11_ASD_discovery_controls
 
  Solid phase hybridization
  Illumina 1M v1 or Illumina 1M v3
  PennCNV, QuantiSNP, GNOSIS
 
 

Cases

Patient ID
Author, Year
Age
Gender
Primary Diagnosis
Clinical Profile
Cognitive Profile
CNV Start
CNV End
CNV Size
Genome Build
Type Method
Validation
  alayadhi_16_ASD_discovery_cases-caseAUT11-1
 N/A
 M
 Autism
 CARS score of 35.0; Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) score of 75; Sensory profile score of 180.
 
 59985406
 59995947
  10542
 GRCh38
 Duplication
 Yes
  alayadhi_16_ASD_discovery_cases-caseAUT11-2
 N/A
 M
 Autism
 CARS score of 35.5; Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) score N/A; Sensory profile score N/A.
 
 59985406
 59995947
  10542
 GRCh38
 Duplication
 Yes
  battaglia_13_DD/ID/ASD_discovery_cases-case7
 4 yrs. 9 mos.
 M
 Developmental delay/intellectual disability
 Autism: no. Epilepsy: no. Dysmorphic features: yes.
 Mild DD/ID
 55366930
 55683262
  316333
 GRCh38
 Deletion
 Yes
  brandler_18_ASD_replication_cases-case1-0677-003
 N/A
 F
 ASD
 Case from MSSNG cohort
 
 57028398
 57030468
  2071
 GRCh38
 Deletion
 No
  krumm_15_ASD_discovery_cases-case13662.p1
 N/A
 Male
 ASD
 Proband from the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC). Family type: Trio
 
 57550711
 57559243
  8533
 GRCh38
 Deletion
 Yes
  levy_11_ASD_discovery_cases-12521.p1
 NA
 F
 ASD
 NA
 NA
 57790033
 57819655
  29623
 GRCh38
 Deletion
 No
  li_18_ASD_discovery_cases-case5101
 N/A
 M
 ASD
 Diagnosis of ASD made according to DSM-IV
 
 57270091
 57715916
  445826
 GRCh38
 Duplication
 No
  marshall_08_ASD_discovery_cases-SK0014-003
 NA
 M
 ASD
 NA
 NA
 56713023
 57347192
  634170
 GRCh38
 Duplication
 Yes
  prasad_12_ASD_discovery_cases-case78699L
 NA
 M
 ASD
 Diagnosis of ASD based on meeting criteria on ADI-R and/or ADOS. CNV identified by previous SNP microarray study
 
 52545309
 53479332
  934024
 Unknown
 Duplication
 No
  rosenfeld_10_ASD_discovery_cases-case25557
 NA
 NA
 ASD
 NA
 NA
 53203717
 53420111
  216394
 Unknown
 Duplication
 Yes
  sanders_11_ASD_discovery_cases-11028.p1
 9
 M
 Autism
 NA
 Full-scale IQ, 108; non-verbal IQ, 106; verbal IQ, 106
 58268755
 58269877
  1123
 GRCh38
 Deletion
 No
  sanders_11_ASD_discovery_cases-11054.p1
 13
 M
 Autism
 NA
 Full-scale IQ, 82; non-verbal IQ, 83; verbal IQ, 84
 58268755
 58269877
  1123
 GRCh38
 Deletion
 No
  sanders_11_ASD_discovery_cases-11452.p1
 8.5
 M
 Autism
 NA
 Full-scale IQ, 80; non-verbal IQ, 80; verbal IQ, 85
 58268755
 58269877
  1123
 GRCh38
 Deletion
 No
  sanders_11_ASD_discovery_cases-12019.p1
 9.1
 M
 ASD
 NA
 Full-scale IQ, 67; non-verbal IQ, 74; verbal IQ, 54
 58268755
 58269877
  1123
 GRCh38
 Deletion
 No
  sanders_11_ASD_discovery_cases-12041.p1
 6.7
 M
 Autism
 NA
 Full-scale IQ, 108; non-verbal IQ, 119; verbal IQ, 87
 58013795
 58025215
  11421
 GRCh38
 Deletion
 No
  sanders_11_ASD_discovery_cases-12071.p1
 11.7
 F
 Autism
 NA
 Full-scale IQ, 108; non-verbal IQ, 102; verbal IQ, 112
 56679251
 56687008
  7758
 GRCh38
 Deletion
 No

Controls

Patient ID
Author, Year
Age
Gender
Primary Diagnosis
Clinical Profile
Cognitive Profile
CNV Start
CNV End
CNV Size
Genome Build
Type Method
Validation
  engchuan_15_ASD_discovery_controls-controlHABC_900736_900736
  N/A
  N/A
  Control
  No previous psychiatric history
 
  57711032
  57789442
  78411
  GRCh38
  Duplication
  No
  engchuan_15_ASD_discovery_controls-controlHABC_901083_901083
  N/A
  N/A
  Control
  No previous psychiatric history
 
  56344645
  56383462
  38818
  GRCh38
  Deletion
  No
  kanduri_15_ASD_discovery_controls-control_split1305
  N/A
  N/A
  Control
  Control screened for DSM-IV mental disorders using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and psychotic disorders using the research version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV
 
  55936104
  55937109
  1006
  Unknown
  Deletion
  No
  sanders_11_ASD_discovery_controls-11452.s1
  6.8
  M
  Control (matched sibling)
  NA
  NA
  58268755
  58269877
  1123
  GRCh38
  Deletion
  No
  sanders_11_ASD_discovery_controls-11552.s1
  6
  F
  Control (matched sibling)
  NA
  NA
  58268755
  58269877
  1123
  GRCh38
  Deletion
  No
  sanders_11_ASD_discovery_controls-11578.s1
  10.8
  M
  Control (matched sibling)
  NA
  NA
  56574741
  56600346
  25606
  GRCh38
  Duplication
  No

Cases

Patient ID
Validation Description
Primary Disorder Inheritence
Inheritence
Family Profile
Disease Segregation
Gene Content
Altered Gene Expression
 alayadhi_16_ASD_discovery_cases-caseAUT11-1
 qPCR
 
 De novo (CNV not observed in either parent)
 Multiplex
 
 
 
 alayadhi_16_ASD_discovery_cases-caseAUT11-2
 qPCR
 
 De novo (CNV not observed in either parent)
 Multiplex
 
 
 
 battaglia_13_DD/ID/ASD_discovery_cases-case7
 FISH or qPCR
 
 De novo
 Unknown
 Unknown
 MIR4529,RPL21P126,TCF4-AS1,TCF4-AS2,TCF4
 
 brandler_18_ASD_replication_cases-case1-0677-003
 No validation step reported
 
 Maternal
 
 
 WDR7-OT1,WDR7
 
 krumm_15_ASD_discovery_cases-case13662.p1
 Omni2.5-4v1
 
 Paternal
 Simplex
 Segregated
 FECH
 
 levy_11_ASD_discovery_cases-12521.p1
 
 
 De novo
 Simplex
 Segregated
 ATP8B1
 
 li_18_ASD_discovery_cases-case5101
 
 
 Unknown
 Simplex
 Unknown
 RNU6-737P,ST8SIA3,ONECUT2,FECH,NARS,ATP8B1
 
 marshall_08_ASD_discovery_cases-SK0014-003
 qPCR, qmPCR
 
 Unknown
 NA
 NA
 LINC02565,RNU6-737P,WDR7-OT1,LINC-ROR,WDR7,BOD1L2
 
 prasad_12_ASD_discovery_cases-case78699L
 
 
 Unknown
 Unknown
 Unknown
 WDR7,ONECUT2,ST8SIA3,NARS,BOD1P,ATP8B1,FECH
 
 rosenfeld_10_ASD_discovery_cases-case25557
 FISH
 
 Paternal
 Unknown
 Unknown
 ONECUT2,FECH,NARS
 
 sanders_11_ASD_discovery_cases-11028.p1
 
 
 Maternal
 Simplex (quad-proband matched)
 Segregated
 NEDD4L
 
 sanders_11_ASD_discovery_cases-11054.p1
 
 
 Paternal
 Simplex (quad-proband matched)
 Segregated
 NEDD4L
 
 sanders_11_ASD_discovery_cases-11452.p1
 
 
 Paternal
 Simplex (quad-proband matched)
 Not segregated
 NEDD4L
 
 sanders_11_ASD_discovery_cases-12019.p1
 
 
 Paternal
 Simplex (quad-proband unmatched)
 Unknown
 NEDD4L
 
 sanders_11_ASD_discovery_cases-12041.p1
 
 
 Unknown
 Simplex (quad-proband matched)
 Segregated
 HMGN1P30
 
 sanders_11_ASD_discovery_cases-12071.p1
 
 
 Unknown
 Simplex (quad-proband matched)
 Not segregated
 WDR7
 

Controls

Patient ID
Validation Description
Primary Disorder Inheritence
Inheritence
Family Profile
Disease Segregation
Gene Content
Altered Gene Expression
engchuan_15_ASD_discovery_controls-controlHABC_900736_900736
 
 
  Unknown
 
 
  RNU6-742P,ATP8B1
 
engchuan_15_ASD_discovery_controls-controlHABC_901083_901083
 
 
  Unknown
 
 
 
 
kanduri_15_ASD_discovery_controls-control_split1305
 
 
  Unknown
 
 
  NEDD4L (intronic)
 
sanders_11_ASD_discovery_controls-11452.s1
 
 
  Paternal
  Simplex (quad)
  NA
  NEDD4L
 
sanders_11_ASD_discovery_controls-11552.s1
 
 
  Maternal
  Simplex (quad)
  NA
  NEDD4L
 
sanders_11_ASD_discovery_controls-11578.s1
 
 
  Paternal
  Simplex (quad)
  NA
  TXNL1
 

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