Description: Decreased area density of normal asymmetric or type i synapse; no difference in area density for symmetric or type ii synaptic contacts; abnormal characterization of type ii synapses with abnormal sv distribution, cleft morphology, and inapparent postsynaptic density
Exp Paradigm: Electron microscopy in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rvlm)

Description: No change in amplitude of evoked ipscs; increased failure rate of stimulation-evoked ipscs
Exp Paradigm: Evoked ipscs of nh neurons in the presenc of 10m cnqx and 40m apv by extraceulluar field stimulation in the rvlm region

Description: Decreased synaptic transmission: decreased frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents(sepscs), no change in amplitude; decreased frequency of miniature epscs
Exp Paradigm: Whole-cell recordings from nh neurons in the presence of 1m bicuculline and 1m strychnine; 0.5m strychnine

Description: Decreased synaptic transmission: decreased amplitude and frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sipscs); reduced frequency of mipscs
Exp Paradigm: Whole-cell recordings in rvlm neurons in the presence of 10m cnqx and 40m 2-amino-5-phsphonovaleric acid (apv)

Description: Perinatal lethality; cyanotic, no spontaneous movement or reaction to tacticle stimuli; umblilical hernia; enlarged inerscapular fat pad
Exp Paradigm: General observations

Description: Decreased expression of synaptic vesicle membran proteins: synaptophysin and sv2; decreased expression of sv-associated adaptor/scaffolding proteins: synapsin i and mint-1
Exp Paradigm: Synaptic marker protein expression

Description: Absence of nbea protein expression in brain homogenates
Exp Paradigm: Nbea protein expression

Description: Abnormal splicing from exon 6 onto gene-trap splice acceptor
Exp Paradigm: Nbea rna expression