Startle response: acoustic stimulus

(AM1500000)

Threshold for reflex response to auditory stimuli, usually measured by amplitude of whole body flinch

Acoustic startle reflex test; Prepulse inhibition; Preyer's Reflex test; Foot shock test; Startle response test; Neurological exam battery; General observations

Morphology of the retina: inner nuclear layer organization

(AM1500001)

Organization of the inner nuclear layer of the retina

Histology; Immunohistochemistry

Ear twitch reflex or preyer's reflex

(AM1500002)

Response to an auditory stimulus by a characteristic ear twitch

Negative geotaxis test; Grasping reflex test; Righting reflex test; Preyer's Reflex test

Foot shock sensitivity

(AM1500003)

Level of perception of pain inflicted by an electric shock to the feet, specifically to check for pain threshold levels before fear conditioning or related paradigms.

Fear conditioning test; Foot shock test; Passive avoidance test

Head twitch response

(AM1500004)

Repetitive movement of the head in the horizontal plane

Head twitch response

Hearing

(AM1500005)

Function or activity of the auditory system or any of its parts

Auditory nerve recordings; Auditory test; Auditory brainstem response test; Startle response test; Whole-cell patch clamp; Preyer's Reflex test; Acoustic startle reflex test; Prepulse inhibition

Inner ear anatomy

(AM1500006)

Structure of the labyrinth, including semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea

Histology; Pathology; Macroscopic analysis

Inner ear anatomy: strial marginal cells

(AM1500007)

Structure of the polarized columnar cells of epithelial origin which cover the lateral surface of the cochlear duct, secrete potassium ions and form a continuous sheet in contact with the endolymph

Immunohistochemistry

Itch sensation

(AM1500008)

Scratching behavior in response to itch stimulus

Intrathecal injection; Intradermal injection

Morphology of the retina

(AM1500009)

Morphology of the retina, including the three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), the inner nuclear layer (INL), and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer

Immunohistochemistry; Histology; Confocal microscopy; Ophthalmological evaluation; Pathology; Histological analysis; Electron microscopy; Immunostaining

Morphology of the retina: rod bipolar cells

(AM1500010)

Structure of the bipolar cells that function in low light and transmit signals only through amacrine cells

Histology; Immunohistochemistry; Confocal microscopy

Olfaction

(AM1500011)

Function or activity of the olfactory system or any of its parts

Olfactory discrimination test; Neurological exam battery; Predator odor (TMT) test; Buried food test; Home cage odor preference test; Response to olfactory stimuli; Olfactory habituation-dishabituation test; Urine preference test; Olfactory trap; Scent marking test; Three-chamber social approach test; Hole-board test; Olfactory investigation test; Novel object exploration test; General observations

Pain or nociception

(AM1500012)

Ability to sense pain at a certain threshold

Hot plate test; Von Frey filament test; Paw injection test; Foot shock test; Tail flick test; Swim stress test; Paw withdrawal test; Intraperitoneal injection; Tail pinch test; Fear conditioning test; Aversive drinking test

Sensorimotor gating

(AM1500014)

Process by which inhibitory neural pathways filter multiple stimuli and allow attention to be focused on one stimulus, usually measured by pre-pulse inhibition (PPI)

Prepulse inhibition; Adhesive tape test; Acoustic startle reflex test; Startle response test; Electromyography (EMG)

Taste

(AM1500015)

Perception of taste

Sucrose preference test

Touch

(AM1500016)

Ability to sense contact with object in response to tactile stimuli

Disc assay; Von Frey filament test; Gentle touch test; Response to air puff; General observations; Foot shock test; Adhesive tape test; Hot plate test; Tail flick test

Vestibulo-ocular reflex

(AM1500017)

Nystagmus or deviation of the eyes in response to stimulation of the vestibular system in which impulses are conveyed from the semicircular canals and the otolithic membrane to the oculomotor nerve

Swim test; Righting reflex test

Vision

(AM1500018)

Function or activity of the ocular system or any of its parts

Morris water maze test; Forepaw reaching test; Optomotor response to pattern illuminance; Arena test with vertical stripe; Disc assay; General observations; Ophthalmological evaluation; Y-maze test; Neurological exam battery; Cliff avoidance test; Visual evoked potential recordings; Electroretinogram (ERG); Visual cliff test

Visual placing reflex

(AM1500019)

Response to extend head and forelimb towards a solid object placed in visual field while being suspended by the tail

Visual placing test; Neurological exam battery

Sensory-evoked response: excitation: auditory stimulus

(AM1500020)

Activation of sensory neurons (third order neurons or higher) in the cerebral cortex in response to auditory stimuli

Application of auditory stimuli; Measurement of area of activation (ROI) in the insular cortex; Grooming behavior assessments; In vivo local field potential (LFP) recordings

Morphology of the retina: retinal ganglion layer organization

(AM1500021)

Organization of the retinal ganglion cell layer of the retina

Histology

Multisensory integration: sensory neurons of insular cortex: auditory-tactile

(AM1500022)

Unification or superimposition of various sensory stimuli, by neurons responsive to multiple types of stimuli, such as tactile, auditory, olfactory or visual

Application of tactile and auditory cues; Quantification of degree of integration

Sensory-evoked response: inhibition: visual stimulus

(AM1500023)

Evoked potentials or transient currents associated with inhibition (like chloride ion currents) generated by response to sensory input in sensory neurons, e.g., visual thalamic neurons present in the lateral geniculate nucleus

Chloride photometry

Tactile memory

(AM1500024)

Ability to discriminate between different types of surfaces of objects by contact on glabrous skin to establish memory based on tactile perception

Textured novel object recognition test (T-NORT)

Sensorimotor gating: tactile cue

(AM1500025)

Process by which inhibitory neural pathways reduce the intensity of an unconditioned response to unfavorable cues that follow training with an conditioning cue, measured by pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) using only an air puff on back hair as the prepulse stimulus for testing hairy skin tactile perception

Prepulse inhibition

Dopaminergic limb retraction reflex

(AM1500026)

Slower retraction of hindlimb or forelimb in enclosure with openings for the limbs, in response to administration of a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, to measure sensitivity to the antagonist

Paw retraction test

Pain or nociception: mechanical

(AM1500027)

Perception of pain following exposure to noxious mechanical stimuli, relayed by primary afferent nerve fibers expressed in skin: high threshold C fibers (including 'silent nociceptors') ) and slowly adapting Adelta mechanoreceptor fibers. There are several candidate cation channels expressed in these mechanoreceptors that are candidates for giving rise to mechanosensation like ASIC1, 2,3, in addition to TRPV2 and 4, TRPA1 and KCNK channels

Von Frey filament test

Pain or nociception: thermal

(AM1500028)

Perception of pain following exposure to noxious heat, relayed by primary afferent nerve fibers: unmyelinated C and myelinated Type II A delta nociceptors, as exposure to heat activates their TRPV1 (activated at around 43 degrees celsius) or related TRPV2,3 and 4 channels. These primary afferent nerve fibers project to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

Paw withdrawal test; Tail flick test; Open field test; Hot plate test; Local inflammatory reaction; Avoidance of noxious heat

Pain or nociception: chemical

(AM1500029)

Perception of pain following exposure to noxious chemicals, relayed by primary afferent nerve fibers: unmyelinated C fibers as well as myelinated A delta nociceptors, to the spinal cord. For response to chemical irritants these nociceptors rely on TRP channels including TRPV1, TRMPM8 and TRPA1

Tail nerve motor conduction

(AM1500030)

An action potential transmitted along a single nerve in the tail

Tail action potential recording

Morphology of retina: dopaminergic neurons

(AM1500031)

Morphology, number, localization and size of dopaminergic neurons in the retina

Histology

Morphology of the retina: plexiform layer morphology

(AM1500033)

Structure of the inner plexiform layer in the retina where bipolar and amacrine cell axons synapse with ganglion cell dendrites, and the outer plexiform layer in the retina where axons of rods and cones synapse with dendrites of horizontal and bipolar cells

Histology; Immunohistochemistry

Olfactory bulb morphology: plexiform layer morphology

(AM1500034)

Laminar structure of the inner and outer plexiform layers of the olfactory bulb in forebrain region that coordinates neuronal signaling involved in the perception of smell

Histology

Rooting reflex

(AM1500035)

Rooting reflex: A reflex seen in normal newborn mammals where the newborn will turn its head toward anything that strokes its face or mouth, searching for the object by moving its head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found. Rooting reflex develops before a suckling reflex.

Sensory-evoked response: excitation: tactile stimulus

(AM1500036)

Activation of sensory neurons (third order neurons or higher) in the cerebral cortex in response to tactile stimuli

Whole-cell patch clamp

Vision: phototaxis

(AM1500037)

Attraction to light

Fast phototaxis assay; Y-maze test

Bristle morphogenesis

(AM1500038)

The process in which the anatomical structures of the chaeta, a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell, are established and organized.

Scanning electron microscopy; Microscopic analysis; General observations

Visual motor response

(AM1500039)

Series of typical motor responses seen in zebrafish in response to ambient illumination, drastic light onset or offset

Optomotor response to dark flash pulses

Startle response

(AM1500040)

An action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus.

Light-off startle jump; General observations

Sensory-evoked response: excitation: olfactory stimulus

(AM1500041)

Activation of sensory neurons (third order neurons or higher) in the cerebral cortex in response to olfactory stimuli

Startle response: directional stimulus

(AM1500042)

Response of escape swimming to tapping (from one direction) on the walls of the tank, observed in zebrafish larvae, a type of mechanosensory response

Multisensory integration

(AM1500043)

Any neural process required for an organism to sense, integrate and interpret the dimensions of a sensory experience: modality, location, intensity and effect.

Pain or nociception: thermal: cold

(AM1500044)

Perception of pain following exposure to noxious cold, relayed mainly by A delta thin myelinated nerve endings of afferent neurons located deeper in the dermis mediated by TRPA1 and TRPM8 channels, along with Nav1.8, TREK-1 and TRAAK

Retinal organization

(AM1500045)

derangement of the pattern of the innermost nuclear layer of the retina, which contains neurons that project axons through the optic nerve to the brain

Histology

Sensory-evoked response: excitation

(AM1500046)

Activation of neurons in response to sensory stimuli

Sensory-evoked response: habituation

(AM1500047)

Activation of neurons in response to repeated sensory stimuli

Hypersensitivity: tactile stimulus

(AM1500048)

Increased reaction to touch

Startle response: tactile stimulus

(AM1500049)

Threshold for reflex response to tactile stimuli, usually measured by amplitude of whole body flinch

Temporal processing of sensory stimuli

(AM1500050)

Gap-in-noise auditory steady-state response (gap-ASSR) paradigm

Neuronal activation: non-social odor

(AM1500051)

Neuronal activity, quantified by expression of immediate-early or early genes after exposure to a non-social odorant

Neuronal activation: social odor

(AM1500052)

Neuronal activity, quantified by expression of immediate-early or early genes after exposure to a social odorant