Integumentary system development

(AM300000)

Development of the superficial layers of the embryo, including skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, mammary glands and teeth.

Immunohistochemistry; Gene expression microarray

Myogenesis: precursor migration

(AM300001)

Migration of cells that will develop into muscle cells

In situ hybridization (ISH)

Size/growth

(AM300002)

Body size, weight or growth at a particular life stage

Body weight measurement; General observations; Microscopic analysis; Non-competitive feeding paradigm; Audiogenic Seizure test; Histology; Alcian blue/alizarin red staining; Intersomite distance measurement; Skeletal X-rays; Immunohistochemistry; Body length measurement; Immunostaining; Intraocular distance measurement; In situ hybridization (ISH); Competitive feeding paradigm; Voxel based morphometry; Measurement of tissue weight; Neurological exam battery

Adrenal cortex morphology

(AM300003)

Structure of the thick outer layer of the adrenal gland that produces and secretes steroid hormones such as corticosterone, estrone and aldosterone

Histology; General observations

Cardiovascular development and function

(AM300004)

Formation and function of the organ system consisting of the heart and blood vessels which pump and circulate blood through body

Gross necroscopy; Heart rate measurement; Histology; General observations; Blood flow measurement; In situ hybridization (ISH); Ultrasound imaging (sonography); Blood pressure measurement; Electrocardiogram (ECG); Macroscopic analysis; Alcian blue/alizarin red staining; Immunohistochemistry; Whole-mount immunohistochemistry; Voxel based morphometry

Coat color

(AM300005)

Pigmentation of the hair

General observations

Developmental trajectory

(AM300006)

Emergence of a new phenotype at a certain time point during development

Histology; Developmental milestone measurements; General observations; Microscopic analysis; Macroscopic analysis; Immunohistochemistry; In situ hybridization (ISH); Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for bone mineral density measurement; Negative geotaxis test; Gross necroscopy; Histomorphometry; Scoring of neurological deficits; Measurement of tissue weight; Histological analysis; Feeding habit observation after starvation; Irwin battery of neurological tests; Detection of apoptosis using the TUNEL assay; Scanning electron microscopy

Digestive system development

(AM300007)

Formation of the organ system that converts ingested food to nutrients and energy including the development and function of the oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines (colon, ileum and duodenum), liver, pancreas and colon as well as substructures such as intestinal villi, intestinal flora etc.

General observations; Histology; Immunohistochemistry; Gross necroscopy

General characteristics

(AM300008)

General viability or phenotypic appearance

General observations; Macroscopic analysis; Genotypic ratio of progeny from heterozygous parents; Immunostaining; Histology; Home cage behavior; Body weight measurement; Microscopic analysis

Mortality/lethality

(AM300009)

a deviation from expected lifespan

General observations; Survival analysis; Histology; Litter size; Genotypic ratio of progeny from heterozygous parents; Fear conditioning test; Histological analysis; Immunohistochemistry; Kaplan-Meier survival curve

Muscular fiber morphology

(AM300010)

Structure of the muscle fibers, the cylindrical multinucleated muscle cells that contract when stimulated

Immunohistochemistry; Histological analysis; Immunostaining; Histology

Myogenesis

(AM300011)

Formation of muscle tissue during embryonic development (under this phenocategory)

Histology; General observations; Microscopic analysis; In situ hybridization (ISH); Western blot

Renal morphology

(AM300012)

Structure of kidneys, including the renal medulla and cortex and individual nephrons comprising glomerulus, Bowman�??s capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule and collecting tubules.

Electron microscopy; Histology; Gross necroscopy

Reproductive system development

(AM300013)

Development of organs functioning in reproduction, including ovaries, testes, uterus and the prostate gland, more specific terms are used in detailed description

Histology; Macroscopic analysis; General observations; Measurement of tissue weight; Lectin histofluorescence; Electron microscopy

Respiratory system development

(AM300014)

Development of organs functioning in respiration and consisting of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

General observations; Macroscopic analysis; Histology

Skeletal development

(AM300015)

Formation of bone tissue

Histology; Immunohistochemistry; General observations; Alcian blue/alizarin red staining; Bone histomorphometry; Skeletal X-rays; Macroscopic analysis

Skeletal development: appendages (limbs, digits, tail)

(AM300016)

Structure of the bones of the digits, limbs or tail

General observations; Histology; Immunohistochemistry; Bone histomorphometry; Skeletal X-rays

Skeletal development: craniofacial

(AM300017)

Structure of the cranial or facial bones

General observations; Immunostaining; Alcian blue staining; Histology; Cranial measurements; Intraocular distance measurement; Cranial computerized tomography (CT) scan; Alcian blue/alizarin red staining; Skeletal X-rays

Tissue weight

(AM300018)

Weight of a tissue or organ outside of the brain

Measurement of placental weight; Measurement of tissue weight; General observations; Histology

Urinary system development

(AM300019)

Differentiation of the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine, including kidneys, ureter and bladder

Histology; Macroscopic analysis; Immunohistochemistry

Vasomotor function

(AM300020)

Function of nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue of the blood vessels

Conducted vasomotor response measurement; Vasomotor tone measurement

Vertebrae morphology

(AM300021)

Structure of the bony interlocking segments of the spinal column comprising the cervical, thoracic and lumbar columns

General observations; Histology; Skeletal X-rays

Mortality/lethality: embryonic

(AM300022)

Death anytime between fertilization and the completion of organogenesis

Survival analysis; Microscopic analysis; General observations; Complementation test; Histology; Genotypic ratio of progeny from heterozygous parents

Mortality/lethality: neonatal

(AM300023)

Death of newborn pups upto 10 days of age (P0-P10)

Eye development: eyelid

(AM300024)

Formation of the eyelid, which begins when the epithelial placode within the fused eyelid margin forms at ~E18.5, followed by invagination of the epithelium into the eyelid at P0, continued extension of the epithelium into the eyelid from P1 to P3, expression of ORO and PPARγ in the central core of the epithelial cord forms the presumptive ductal lumen at P3, ductal branching associated with acinar differentiation goes on until P5, and maturation of adult meibomian glands is completed by P15

In situ hybridization (ISH); General observations; Histology

Reproductive system development: uterus morphology

(AM300025)

Structural or morphological examinations of uterus in which the embryo is developing until birth

Histology

Reproductive system development: epididymis morphology

(AM300026)

Structural or morphological examinations of the convoluted tubule structure connected to the testis that functions in spermatozoa transit, storage, and maturation between testis and vas deferens

General observations; Histology

Reproductive system development: testis morphology

(AM300027)

Structural or morphological examinations of the testis

General observations

Respiratory system development: trachea

(AM300028)

Eye development: compound eye morphogenesis

(AM300029)

The morphogenetic process by which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized.

Scanning electron microscopy; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopic analysis

Appendage development: wing vein development

(AM300030)

The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized.

General observations; Microscopic analysis; Scanning electron microscopy

Developmental trajectory: segmentation

(AM300031)

Partitioning of the blastoderm embryo into trunk segmental units. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8.

Immunostaining

Developmental trajectory: eclosion

(AM300032)

The emergence of an adult insect from a pupa case.

Microscopic analysis

Skeletal development: dorsal closure

(AM300033)

The process during Drosophila embryogenesis whereby the ectodermal cells of the lateral epithelium stretch in a coordinated fashion to internalize the amnioserosa cells and close the embryo dorsally.

Immunostaining

Skeletal development: germ band retraction

(AM300034)

The spreading of the amnioserosa from its compressed state to cover the whole of the dorsal surface. Initiating in the thorax and spreading posteriorly, it is accompanied by the transition from a parasegmental to segmental division of the embryo.

Immunostaining

Skeletal development: sex comb development

(AM300035)

Formation and maturation of male-specific chaetae located on the prothoracic tarsal segment of the prothoracic leg.

Macroscopic analysis

Eye development: eye size

(AM300036)

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight.

Microscopic analysis

Eye development: pigmentation

(AM300037)

Eye development

(AM300038)

Development of the eye. In Drosophila, the eye develops from imaginal tissue and includes normal pigmentation patterns.

General observations

Appendage development: wing development

(AM300039)

The process in which anatomical structure of the wing is generated and organized.

Mortality/lethality: pupal

(AM300040)

Death during the pupal stage of development

Mortality/lethality: larval

(AM300041)

Death during the larval stage of development

Digestive system morphology: GI tract wall

(AM300042)

Abnormalities in the wall of the GU tract

Digestive system morphology: GI tract length

(AM300043)

Changes in length of the whole GI tract

Digestive system morphology: interstitial cells of Cajal

(AM300044)

any structural anomaly in the type of cell found in the gastrointestinal tract and serving as a pacemaker that triggers gut contraction; ICCs mediate inputs from the enteric nervous system to smooth muscle cells and are thought to be the cells from which gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) arise; abnormalities in the ICC network can cause chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction

Digestive system morphology

(AM300045)

any structural anomaly of the system dedicated to the mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic processing of food

Digestive system morphology: liver

(AM300046)

anomally in size or morphology of the liver

Digestive system morphology: colon

(AM300047)

any structural anomaly of the portion of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum

Digestive system morphology: intestine

(AM300048)

any structural anomaly of the digestive tube passing from the stomach to the anus, consisting of the small and large intestine divisions

Digestive system morphology: stomach

(AM300049)

any structural anomaly of the hollow, sac-like structure of the digestive canal between the esophagus and the small intestine that functions to emulsify food

Digestive system morphology: enteroendocrine cell number

(AM300050)

any structural anomaly of the various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting epithelial cells present throughout the mucosa of the digestive tract

Digestive system morphology: enteroendocrine cell number: enterochromaffin cell

(AM300051)

Number of enterochromaffin cells that are distributed widely in the gastric antrum, small intestine(duodenum, jejunum, ileum), appendix as well as the larege intestine (colon and rectum)

Histology

Morphology and size of spleen

(AM300052)

abnormality in the development or size of the spleen

Gross necroscopy

Morphology of Z-disc

(AM300053)

structural characteristics in the cross-striation bisecting the I band of striated muscle myofibrils and serving as the anchoring point of actin filaments at either end of the sarcomere

Electron microscopy

Morphology of A band

(AM300054)

structural characteristics of the dark-staining region of a sarcomere between two I bands and marked by partial overlapping of thin actin and thick myosin filaments

Electron microscopy

Mortality/lethality: postnatal: incomplete penetrance

(AM300055)

Death in the postnatal period between P10 and P21 where all offsprings do not die

Mortality/lethality: embryonic: incomplete penetrance

(AM300056)

Death anytime between fertilization and the completion of organogenesis with incomplete penetrance

Survival analysis; Microscopic analysis; General observations; Complementation test; Histology; Genotypic ratio of progeny from heterozygous parents

Mortality/lethality: incomplete penetrance

(AM300057)

lower than Mendelian ratios of offspring of a given genotype due to death of some but not all of the organisms

Mortality/lethality: perinatal

(AM300058)

death anytime between E18.5 through postnatal day 1

Mortality/lethality: perinatal: incomplete penetrance

(AM300059)

the appearance of lower than Mendelian ratios of organisms of a given genotype due to death of some, but not all of the organisms within the perinatal period (Mus: E18.5 through postnatal day 1)

Mortality/lethality: neonatal: incomplete penetrance

(AM300060)

lower than Mendelian ratios of organisms of a given genotype due to death of some, but not all of the organisms within the neonatal period after birth (Mus: P0-P10)

Mortality/lethality: postnatal

(AM300061)

Death of pups between P10 and P21, or before weaning

Intestinal morphology

(AM300062)

any structural anomaly of the digestive tube passing from the stomach to the anus, consisting of the small and large intestine divisions

Ocular hypertelorism

(AM300063)

increased interpupillary distance, increased distance between the center of the pupils of the two eyes

Mortality/lethality: life span

(AM300064)

Death after P21 in the adult life stage with all dying before living a normal life span

Mortality/lethality: life span: incomplete penetrance

(AM300065)

Death after P21 in the adult life stage with some living a normal life span

Size/growth: embryonic

(AM300066)

Body size, weight or growth as an embryo

Embryonic morphology

(AM300067)

Any structural abnormalities found during any stage of enbryonic development

Cardiovascular development and function: embryonic

(AM300068)

Embryonic formation and function of the organ system consisting of the heart and blood vessels which pump and circulate blood through body

Progressive muscle weakness

(AM300069)

Loss of muscle strength over time, measured at two different developmental time points

Skeletal muscle morphology

(AM300070)

Structure of of the striated muscle fibers connected at either or both extremities with the bony framework of the body